Metabolism and Survival - Cell Respiration Flashcards
ADP
adenosine diphosphate
low energy molecule composed of adenosine and two phosphate groups
ATP
adesosine triphosphate
high energy molecule composed of adenosine and three phosphate groups
ATP synthase
enzyme which catalyses the synthesis of ATP
cellular respiration
a series of enzyme controlled reactions that releases energy from food
dehydrogenase
enzyme that removes hydrogen ions and high energy electrons from the respiritory substrate
glucose
respiritory substrate which provides energy for the regeneration of ATP
phosphorylation
the addition of phosphate(s) to molecules
Pi
inorganic phosphate
phosphorylation
word equation for ADP
ADP + Pi –> ATP
fermentation
form of cellular respiration which involves the partial breakdown of glucose in the absense of oxygen
fermentation
animals - word equation
glucose –> lactate + energy
fermentation
plants and yeast - word equation
glucose –> ethanol + carbon dioxide + energy
NAD
coenzyme molecule that carries hydrogen ions and high energy electrons to the electron transport chain
glycolysis
process
energy investment phase
- 2ATP phosphorylate glucose (6C) to form intermediate molecules
energy pay off-stage
- the conversion of intermediate molecules into two pyruvate (3C) molecules producing 4ATP - net gain of 2ATP
- dehydrogenase enzymes remove H+ and high energy electrons - these combine with NAD to form NADH which carries them to the electron transport chain
citric acid cycle
- pyruvate (3C) is broken down into an acetyl group (2C) which then combines wtih coenzyme A to be trasferred to the citric acid cycle as acetyl coA - during this CO2 is released, and NAD forms NADH
- the acetyl group from coA combines with oxaloacetate to form citrate
- enzyme controlled reactions convert citrate back into oxaloacetate generating ATP - CO2 is released, NAD forms NADH to carry hydrogen ions and high energy electrons to the electron transport chain.