Metabolism

Question 1

Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)

Answer 1

Pyruvate + NADH+ H+ —> lactate + NAD+

Pyruvate is reduced to lactate
NADH is oxidised to NAD+

Question 2

Pyruvate dehydrogenase

Answer 2

Pyruvate + coenzyme A + NAD+ —> Acetylcoenzyme A + NADH + H+ + CO2

Pyruvate is oxidised to acetylcoenzyme A
NAD+ is reduced to NADH

Question 3

Fatty acyl coenzyme A

Answer 3

Fatty acid + ATP + coenzyme A —> fatty acyl co A + AMP + 2Pi

Question 4

Where does fatty acid metabolisation occur

Answer 4

Mitochondria matrix

Question 5

Carnitine shuttle transporter

Answer 5

Transport fatty acyl coA across the intermembranal space to the mitochondrial matrix

Question 6

Carnitine acyl transferase

Answer 6

CAT 1 outside - acyl co A to CoA

Carnitine to acyl carnitine

CAT2 inside - coA - acyl CoA

Acyl carnitine to carnitine

Question 7

Malonyl coA

Answer 7

Inhibits carnitine shuttle transporter

Question 8

Beta oxidation

Answer 8

Series of oxidation
2 carbons removed each time
Reduced NAD+ and FAD
Produces acetyl coA

Question 9

Glycerol kinase

Answer 9

Glycerol to glycerol phosphate

Question 10

Lyase

Answer 10

HMG co A to acetoacetate

Question 11

HMG - CoA reductase

Answer 11

HMG coA to mevalonate

Used to produce cholesterol

Statins inhibit HMG coA so less cholesterol is produced

Activated when insulin high and lyase inhibited therefore more cholesterol less ketone bodies