Metabolism 4 Flashcards
Structure of complex 1, and name
Complex 1 is called NADH dehydrogenase. It consists of 4 flavin mononucleotides and 4 Coenzyme Q’s. it also has an iron sulfur center.
What is complex 2 called? What does it do?
Complex 2 is called succinate dehydrogenase (from the krebs cycle!). Succinate dehydrogenase using FADH2 as the electron carrier. FAD is actually covalently attached to the enzyme. the elctrons go directly to CoQ and bypass complex 1.
complex 3 what’s its called
complex 3 is called the cytochrome C reductase complex. Complex 3 accepts electrons from coenzyme Q and then transfers them to cytochrome C.
How is the oxidation of NADH coupled to the ADP—> ATP process?
Without ADP, NADH cant cant be oxidized. if there isnt any ADP to dischanrge the proton gradient, then there is a build up of protons prventing NADH from being oxidized. Also, without NADH there can be no ATP produced. `
Which complexes contribute to the proton gradient?
1,3 and 4
Which complexes contribute to the proton gradient?
1,3 and 4
What is complex V?
Complex V is the ATP synthase
How is the Krebs cycle affected by the electron TC?
NADH is not oxidized if ADP is low, and therefore O2 consumption decreases. The accumulating NADH suppresses the TCA cycle.
What are site specific inhibitors?
Cyanide, for example, which inhibits complex 4 specifically and doesnt allow for the proton gradient to be created. NADH accumulates upstream
Where does ATP go after its made in the ETC? How does ADP get into the mitochondria?
The adenine nucleotide translocator.
What are ATP synthase inhibitors?
These dont allow for discharge of the hydrogen gradientbecause they block the proton channel in ATP synthase. (oligomycin)
Inhibiton of adenine nucleotide transporter
inhibits atp synthesis. prevent discharge of proton gradient into mitochondrial matrix.
uncouplers
render the membrane leaky. cant make the proton gradient, and the NADH just gets oxidized a bunch more than usual and theres lots of O2 usage. there are some things people have like brown adipose tissue that may contribute to this.
