Metabolism Flashcards
How long is the pancreas
~ 12 - 15 cm long.
Where does the pancreas sit?
Below and behind the stomach.
What are the three regions of the pancreas?
Head, body and tail.
Is the largest section of the pancreas, near the duodenum
Head
Is the central section of the pancreas
Body
Is the tapered section of the pancreas
Tail
How is the pancreas connected to the duodenum?
Via two ducts, the main pancreatic duct and the Accessory duct.
What type of cells does the pancreas have clusters of?
Glandular epithelial cells.
Makes up 99% of the glandular epithelial cell clusters
Acini/
What do the cells within acini do?
Produce and secrete the components of pancreatic juice.
acini secrete
cells secrete
How much pancreatic juice is produced each day?
1 - 1.5 litres
What is the pH of pancreatic juice?
between 7.1 and 8.2
Where does pancreatic juice flow?
Where does pancreatic juice drain?
How is digestive enzyme secretion activated?
By cholecystokinin (CCK)
What activates bicarbonate secretion?
Secretin
What are the enzymes of pancreatic juice for protein digestion?
Trypsin, chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase, elastase.
What are the enzymes of pancreatic juice for carbohydrate digestion?
Pancreatic amylase.
What are the enzymes of pancreatic juice for lipid digestion?
Pancreatic lipase and phospholipase.
What are the enzymes of pancreatic juice for nucleic acid digestion?
Ribonuclease and deoxyribonuclease.
What are the two main secretory cells?
Alpha islet cells (17%)
Beta islet cells (70%)
Delta cells (7%)
F cells (6%)
What do alpha islet cells secrete?
Glucagon
What do beta islet cells secrete?
Insulin
What do delta cells secrete?
Somatostatin, which inhibits the secretion of both glucagon and insulin.
What do F cells secrete?
Pancreatic Peptide, which inhibits somatostatin
What does glucagon do?
- Promotes glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis.
- which increases blood glucose concentration
- Promotes the release of fatty acids via lipolysis.
- Main target is the liver and adipose tissue.
What does insulin do?
- Promotes glucose uptake into skeletal muscle and adipose tissue via GluT 4.
- Promotes glycogenesis in muscle and liver.
- Increases amino acid uptake and protein synthesis.
- Increases formation of triglycerides.
What is the largest gland in the human body?
The liver
What is the second largest organ?
The liver, only second to the skin.
What is the liver composed of?
Hepatocytes, Bile Canaliculi, Hepatic sinusoids, Stellate reticuloendothelial cells.
* Hepatic macrophages that phagocytise ageing red and white blood cells and bacteria.