Cardiovascular P1 Flashcards
What is Cardiovascular system made up of?
The heart, Blood and Blood vessels
In which direction do arteries pump the blood?
Away from the heart (typically with oxygenated blood)
In which direction do veins carry the blood?
Back to the heart (typically deoxygenated blood except for the pulmonary veins)
What do capillaries do?
Permit nutrient, waste and gas exchange.
Where does the heart sit?
Near the anterior (front of the chest wall, behind the sternum.
Sits in the mediastinum (middle section of the chest) and slightly to the left.
Surrounded on both sides by the lungs.
What makes up the heart wall?
Three layers.
Epicardium (outer)
Myocardium (middle)
Endocardium (inner)
Outer layer of the heart - also known as the visceral pericardium
Epicardium
Muscular wall of the heart - contains cardiac muscle tissue, vasculature and nerves.
Myocardium
Inner layer of the heart - lining of epithelial cells
Endocardium
Visceral
Internal organs
How many times does the heart beat each day?
Approx 100,000 times a day
How many times does the heart beat each year?
35 million times per year
How much blood does the heart pump each day?
14,000 litres of blood per day
How much blood does the heart pump each year?
5 million litres per year.
Is the heart reliant on the nervous system for activation?
No, ANS and endocrine system can modulate function.
Which side of the heart connects to the body?
The left
Which side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs?
The right, it enables gas exchange.
What does the pulmonary circuit do?
oxygenate blood and remove CO2.
What does the systemic circuit do?
Supplies cells with O2 and nutrients and removes CO2 and waste.
What is the total blood volume of a female?
4-5 litres
What is the total blood volume of a male?
5-6 Litres
Where is the bulk of the blood found?
Systemic veins and venules (blood reservoirs) 64%
How much blood lies in the Pulmonary vessels?
9%
How much blood lies in the heart?
7%
How much blood lies in the systemic arteries and arterioles?
13%
How much blood lies in the systemic capillaries?
7%
What does the right atrium do?
Receives blood from the systemic circuit through the two great veins: the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava.
It also receives blood from the coronary sinu.
What does the superior vena cava do?
Delivers blood to the heart from the head, neck, upper limbs, and chest.
What does the inferior vena cava do?
Delivers blood to the heart from the rest of the trunk, the viscera and the lower limbs.
What does the coronary sinus do?
Receives blood from the coronary veins.
What separates the left and right atria?
The interatrial septum.
What does the left atrium do?
Receives blood from the pulmonary circuit via four pulmonary veins - two left pulmonary veins and two right pulmonary veins.