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summer biochemistry jonklaas > metabolism > Flashcards

metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

what is metabolism

A

process where organisms acquire and use free energy for different functions

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2
Q

what is a metabolite

A

small molecule intermediate used in degradation and synthesis of polymers

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3
Q

what is catabolism

A

degradative pathways ( exergonic oxidation)

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4
Q

what is anabolism

A

biosynthetic pathway ( engergonic proceses)

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5
Q

what compound supports ATP synthesis

A

NADH

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6
Q

what compound is used for anbolism

A

NADPH

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7
Q

is a metabolic pathway reversible or irreversible

A

irreversible overall but there are some steps that are reversible individually

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8
Q

what step is highly exergonic in metabolic pathway

A

the first step, regulated step, cannot go back

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9
Q

the remaining steps in a metabolic pathway are close to what

A

equilibrium

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10
Q

what steps in glycolysis are regualated and how do you know

A

steps 1,3,10 because the arrow is not reversible

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11
Q

what free energy does the regulated steps have in a metabolic pathway
ex. glycolysis

A

negative free energy

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12
Q

why cant irreversible pathways run at equilbrium

A

they have a negative free energy

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13
Q

if 2 pathways are irreversible what does it mean

A

the pathways are somewhat different

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14
Q

what does an independent route mean

A

independent control so you need to control the amounts of either 1 or 2 together

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15
Q

what is feedback inhibition

A

end product inhibits an enzyme further upstream in the pathway usually the first enzyme

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16
Q

is feedback inhibition negative of positive feedback

A

negative

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17
Q

what is product inhibition

A

product of an enzyme catalysis reaction binds to it inhibiting activity

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18
Q

what is feed forward activation

A

metabolite early in the pathway activates an enzyme further down the pathway

19
Q

where do almost all metabolic pathways feed in to

A

the central reaction og glycolysis

20
Q

cells can use the energy generated from oxidizing what

A

carbon with O2 to do owrk/make ATP

21
Q

what bonds do both fatty acids and glucose get energy from

A

C-C, C-H, C-OH

22
Q

what is the energy carrier for most biological reactions

A

ATP

23
Q

where is most of the energy in ATP stored

A

phosphoanhydride bonds

24
Q

why are phosphoanhydride bonds used in ATP hydrolysis

A
  1. relieves electrostatic repulsion
  2. Pi released by hydrolysis has better resonance stabilization
  3. greater degree of solvation of products
25
Q

what is the free energy of ATP and H2O

A

-45.6

26
Q

what is the free energy for ADP and H2O

A

-30.5

27
Q

opposite rxns give what of the formation

A

opposite Delta Gs

28
Q

what does a large delta g mean

A

energy rich compound, high energy phosphate bond
high phosphate transfer potential
it means that the reaction is spontaneous

29
Q

what compounds do not spontaneously hydrolyze but contain large amounts of stored free energy

A

Pi (phosphoryl)

30
Q

what does a small delta g of hydrolysis mean

A
  • energy poor compound
  • low energy phosphate bond
  • low phosphate transfer potential
31
Q

what is the relationship between a compound with large delta g and smaller delta g of hydrolysis

A

LARGE CAN TRANSFER TO SMALL

32
Q

what is the amount considered for a energy rich compound

A

-25 kj/mol or more - ve

33
Q

what is the delta g standzard for energy poor compounds

A

0 to -25kj/mol

34
Q

what is substrate level phosphorylation

A

production of ATP (from ADP) by direct transfer of a high energy phosphate from a high energy Pi compound whose delta g hydrolysis is more negative than that of ATP

35
Q

what can ATP be formed by and what compounds can it be formed from

A

SLP and from compounds like PEP and 1,3 BPG

36
Q

what compound has a phosphate gp transfer potentinal and it has more -ve than ATP
and it can also be used to make ATP

A

acyl phosphate

37
Q

what is this structure

A

acyl phosphate

38
Q

what is PEP

A

compound that can make ATP
- has a huge delta G

39
Q

why does PEP have a huge delta g hydrolysis

A

due to enol to keto tautomerization

40
Q

why is creatine phosphate considered a high energy compound and what is it used for

A
  • creates a high energy p-N bond
  • occurs in cardiac and skeletal muscle and brain
41
Q

what is a high cenergy compound used in Acetyl CoA

A

thioesters

42
Q

free energy changes are dependent on what

A

concentration

43
Q

what compound has 2 high energy electrons

A

NADH

44
Q

what are some isotopic tracers

A

glycine, glutamate, proline, leucine

summer biochemistry jonklaas (14 decks)

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