chapter 1 and 2 Flashcards
what was the experiment by urey and miller
demonstration of abiotic formation of organic compounds
mixture of nh3, ch4, h20 etc
dna replicates through what
complementarity
what is complementarity
the specific pairing of functional groups
what does complementarity allow
macromolecules to replicate
who proposed the rna world
woese crick and orgel
what was the rna hypothesis
rna can carry genetic informaiton
rna can do catalysis
- thomas cech
what were concerns relating to prebiotic evolution
Low concentration of building blocks (10-10 M)
Hydrolysis favored = Most biopolymers are unstable at
high T’s
do not replicate by themselves reliably
what mixture were the amino acids in
racemic mixture
proteins are what types of amino acids
L amino ac id
what was wrong with urey and miller exp
earths atmosphere was never reducing
who discovered the third superkingdom of life
carl woese
what was the 3rd superkingdom
archaea
why do prokaryotes have a small size
need a small size to maintain large surface area vol ration to enable the diffusion of food and oxygen
explain main points of endosymbiotic
symbiotic system can carry aerobic catabolism
some bacterial genes move to nucleus and the bacterial endosymbionts become mitochondria
reactivity depends of functional groups depends on what
pH
what are the names of strongest to least strongest bonds
covalent> ionic interaction> hydrogen bond> dipole> london
what is the structure of ice
hexagonally packed
honey comb shape
satisfies the H bonding potential
what is one of the most polar solvents
water
water is an excellent solvent for what
charged and polar species
water is a poor solvent for
non polar solvents
what is the hydrophobic interaction
non covalent forces that occur when nonpolar molecules cluster together in water to reduce the interfacial area betwen them and water
what is a good example of an amphiphilic molecule
fatty acids or sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)
micelle formation is driven by what
entropy
what is one tailed amphiphiles in higher concentratins form
micelle
two tailed amphiphiles in high con. form
bilayer vesicle
one tailed detergens in low conc. form
monolayer
what is osmosis
movement of water from a region of high to low conc
osmotic pressure depends on
solute concentration
pH =
pKa when the base = the acid
when does a buffer occur
when weak acid and conjuagate base present in nearly equal proportions
what is a physiologically important buffer
H2PO4
what is the structure of water
tetrahedral w/ lone pairs
bent w/out lone pairs
water ideal H bonding
2 lps and 2 Hs allow 4 H bonds per molecule
what are the properties of water due to H bonding
high BP and MP
het of vaporization and surface tension
short term h20 interactinos are
tetrahedral in nature
P(x)=
- log [x]
what is the henderson hasselback equation
pH = pKA+ log [a]/[ha]
pKw =
14 = pH + pOH
kw =
ka *kb = 10^-14
