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summer biochemistry jonklaas > intro to biochemistry > Flashcards

intro to biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

what functional group is this

A

amine

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2
Q

what functional group is this

A

alcohol

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3
Q

what functional group is this

A

thiol

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4
Q

what functional group is this

A

ether

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5
Q

what functional group is this

A

aldehyde

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6
Q

what functional group is this

A

ketone

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7
Q

what functional group is this

A

carboxyulic acid

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8
Q

what is a condensation reaction

A

remove water to join functional groups

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9
Q

hydrolysis reaction

A

add water to break apart functional groups

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10
Q

what does carboxylic acid + alcohol produce

A

ester + water

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11
Q

what does carboxy. acid = amine produce

A

amide + water

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12
Q

what does carboxylic acid + thiol produce

A

thioester + water

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13
Q

what is acyl group

A

group derived from a carboxylic acid by the removal of OH

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14
Q

what does carboxylic acid + carboxylic acid =

A

acid anhydride + water

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15
Q

carboxylix acid + phosphoric aid

A

mixed anhydide + water

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16
Q

phosphoric acid + phosphoric acid =

A

phpspanhydride + water

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17
Q

what do anhydrides contain

A

stored chemical energy

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18
Q

recognize adenosine triphosphate and the anhydride

A
19
Q

phosphoric acid + alcohol =

A

phosphoester

20
Q

phosphoric acid + alcohol =

A

phosphodiester

21
Q

compared to anhydrides, phosphoesters are what

A

“low energy” bonds

22
Q

what elements are in 99% of mass of most cells

A

CHON

23
Q

what are bulk elements

A

P and S

24
Q

what were the four steps of prebiotic(chemical evolution)

A

creating monomers
making polymers
making self-replicating systems
making life

25
Q

what was the experiemtn of urey and S miller

A

demonstration of abiotic formation of organic compounds

26
Q

who proposed monomers are the building blocls

A

oparin and haldane

27
Q

what did urey and miller have a mixture of

A

NH3 CH4 H2O gas and H2 at 80 degrees celcius

28
Q

what amino acids did urey and miller exp. have

A

glycine
alanine
glutamic acid
asparatic acid

29
Q

dna replicates through what

A

compementarity

30
Q

what relationship do complex moleculds and chemical versatility have

A

increase in complex molecules= increase in versatility

31
Q

what is complentarity

A

specific pairing of functional groups

32
Q

what does complemntarity allow

A

macromolecules to replicate

33
Q

who proposed Rna world

A

woese crick and orgel

34
Q

what was RNA world theory
-hypothesis accepted but not proven

A

rna capable of carrying genetic informaton and catalysis

35
Q

who discovered the first rna enzyme(ribozyme)

A

thomas cech

36
Q

what are some concerns with prebiotic evolution

A
  1. low conc of building blocks
  2. hydrolysis favore
  3. unstable at high temp
  4. do not replicate
37
Q

what are the problems with chemical evolution

A

-chiral center made in lab = racemic mixture
- AA produced in urey were racemic
-proteins are L amino acids = homochirality
50:50 mix
- earth atmosphre was never as reducing as urey and miller experiment
- amino acids + nitrogen might have been formed in deep sea

38
Q

phylogeny is based on what

A

taxonomy- the way something looks

39
Q

who discovered the third superkingdom Archae

A

carl woese

40
Q

who used a phylogeny using ribosomal rna sequences as an evolutionary measure

A

carl woese

41
Q

prokaryotic description

A
  • single plasma membrane
  • no nucleus
    -small in size (1-10 um)
  • fission or budding
    -absorption
  • no organellles
42
Q

eukaryotic desription

A

large
complex
nucleus with many organelles

43
Q

who came up with the endosymbiotic origin of mitochondria

A

lynn margulis

44
Q

what is the endosymbiotic theory

A

mitochondria originated from a symbiotic relationship between early euk. cells and ancestral bacteria

summer biochemistry jonklaas (14 decks)

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