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MICROBIOLOGY LAB > Metabolism > Flashcards

Metabolism Flashcards

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1
Q

All the biochemical reactions in an organism

A

Metabolism

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2
Q

Larger molecules are built from smaller molecules

Form bonds

Glucose and amino acid > Carbohydrates and protein

A

Anabolism

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3
Q

Larger molecules are broken down into smaller molecules

Break bonds

A

Catabolism

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4
Q

Need energy

Release eneergy

A

Endergonic

Exergonic

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5
Q

Usually proteins and increase the probability of chemical reactions while being maintained

A

Enzymes

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6
Q

Characteristics of enzymes (4)

A

Reusable

Highly specific

Have active site

Small amounts only

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7
Q

Break down sucrose

Break down ribonucleic acid

Link nucleotides

Link NAG and NAM

A

Sucrase

Ribonuclease

Polymerase

Transferase

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8
Q

Binding of 2 or more molecules together in an enzyme-substrate complex

A

dehydration reaction

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9
Q

What happens in an active-site when a substrate meets it in a hydrolysis reaction

A

Enzyme-Substrate Complex

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10
Q

Electron shell and substrates react to form an end product by forcing to overlap

Chemical bonds in substrate are stretched or weakened to cause a break

A

Synthesis reactions

Hydrolysis reactions

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11
Q

Non-protein molecules in enzymes

A

coenzyme/cofactor

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12
Q

A sequence of chemical reactions of which the product of one reaction serves as the substrate for another reaction

A

Metabolic pathway

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13
Q

Products of the in between stages

A

Intermediates

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14
Q

Most common ways of modulating enzyme activity, the first enzyme is inhibited by the final product.

It is typical

A

Feedback inhibition

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15
Q

When substrate binds to Allosteric site causing a change in shape

A

Non-competitive inhibition

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16
Q

Universal energy currency

A

ATP

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17
Q

A bacteria is expected to reform ATP how many times a second to survive?

A

3 000 000

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18
Q

Inhibitor blocks the active site

A

Competitive inhibition

19
Q

ATP composition

A

Adenine

Ribose

3 Phosphate groups

20
Q

What holds the three phosphate groups together?

A

High Energy Bond

21
Q

ATP with no oxygen

A

Anaerobic respiration

Ex. fermentation

22
Q

Stages of aerobic cellular respiration

A

Glycolysis (2 ATP net gain)

Citric acid cycle

Oxidative phosphorylation (38 ATP)

23
Q

Oxidative phosphorylation (2)

A

Electron Transport

ATP synthesis

24
Q

Electron transport but with chlorophyll a

A

photophosphorylation

25
Q

Autotrophs that dont use light

A

Chemoautotrophs

26
Q

Use light as their energy source and performed organic compounds such as fatty acids and alcohols

A

photoheterotrophs

27
Q

Feed on dead organic matter

Feed on living organic matter

A

Saprobes

Parasite

28
Q

Use carbon dioxide from atmosphere as sole source of carbon, are usually photosynthetic and obtain energy from sunlight

A

Autotrophs (photosynthetic bacteria or plants)

29
Q

Must obtain carbon from their environment in form of relatively complex organic molecules like glucose

A

Heterotrophs

30
Q

Defined as the production of ATP

A

Cellular respiration

31
Q

Performs Aerobic Cellular Respiration

A

Obligate aerobes

32
Q

Occurs in bacteria who live in oxygenated environments, oxygen is consumed to make ATP

Occurs in bacteria who live in environments with no oxygen, oxygen is not used to make ATP

A

Aerobic respiration

Anaerobic respiration

33
Q

Most important carbohydrate, energy currency molecule, primary source for ATP

A

Glucose

34
Q

Outcomes of glucose (3)

A

Stored (polysaccharide or glucose)

Oxidized via GLYCOLYSIS - atp pyruvate

Oxidized via PENTOSE PHOSPHATE - nucleic acid NADPH

35
Q

Storage in animals

Storage in plants

A

Glycogen

Starch

36
Q

Production from pentose phosphate

A

Ribose 5-phosphate

37
Q

Production from glycolysis

A

Pyruvate

38
Q

Glycolysis occurs in

A

Cytoplasm

39
Q

Krebs cycle in eukaryotes

Krebs cycle in prokaryotes

A

Mitochondrial matrix

Cytoplasm

40
Q

ETC occurs where

A

Mitochondrial inner membrane

Plasma membrane

41
Q

End product of anaerobic metabolism

A

Lactic acid

42
Q

ATP production requirements

A

Energy sources

Electron Carriers

Final electron acceptors

43
Q

Where does the electron transport chain occur in eukaryotic cell?

What about the prokaryotic cell?

A

Mitochondria

Plasma membrane

44
Q

ATP is formed where in bacteria? where in eukarya?

A

cell membrane

mitochondria

MICROBIOLOGY LAB (12 decks)

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