Lecture 5 PPT Flashcards
Importance of Microbial Metabolism (4)
- bacterial products are COMMERCIALLY or medically important
- important in LABORATORY (identification of microorganisms) (i.e. E. coli, Klebsiella, and Enterobacter)
- model for studying METABOLIC PATHWAYS and processes in EUKARYOTIC CELLS
- potential targets for ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS
all CHEMICAL CHANGES occurring in a microorganism during its GROWTH and DEVELOPMENT for healthy and stable maintenance
two classes of chemical reactions
Microbial metabolism
CATABOLISM (oxidative, exergonic): V
Energy-Yielding Nutrients(3)
Energy-yielding nutrients
Carbohydrates
Fats
Proteins
CATABOLISM (oxidative, exergonic): V
Energy-poor end products(3)
Energy-poor end products
H2O
CO2
NH3
ANABOLISM (reductive, endergonic): ^
Cell Macromolecules (4)
Cell macromolecules
Proteins
Polysaccharides
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
ANABOLISM (reductive, endergonic): ^
Precursor molecules (4)
Precursor molecules
Amino acids
Sugars
Fatty acids
Nitrogenous bases
ANABOLIC reactions transfer energy from ___ to ___
CATABOLIC reactions transfer energy from ___ to ___
ANABOLIC ATP to COMPLEX MOLECULES
CATABOLIC COMPLEX MOLECULEs to ATP
Metabolic pathway parts (3)
Initial reactant
Intermediates
Final Products
ENERGY and CARBON SOURCES used by different group of prokaryotes
Sunlight & CO2
Sunlight & Organic Compounds
Inorganic Compounds & CO2
Organic compounds & Organic Compounds
Sunlight & CO2 : Photoautotroph
Sunlight & Organic Compounds : Photoheterotroph
Inorganic Compounds & CO2 : Chemolithoautotroph
Organic compounds & Organic Compounds: Chemoorganoheterotroph
____ Known as “SUGAR SPLITTING”
converts glucose (6-C) to pyruvate (3-C)
CAN OCCUR in the ABSENCE of OXYGEN
Enzyme-mediated
Glycolysis
Location of Glycolysis
Cytosol of bacteria
Glycolysis:
GROSS ENERGY YIELD
NET ENERGY YIELD
GROSS: 4 ATP + 2 NADH
NET: 2 ATP + 2 NADH
___ hexose monophosphate shunt
other metabolic pathway used by cells to break down glucose
Generates NADPH, ___ and ____
Pentose Phosphate Pathway
ribose 5-phosphate
erythrose 4-phosphate
aerobic (O2-requiring) breakdown of nutrients with accompanying synthesis of ATP
Aerobic Respiration
Location of AEROBIC respiration
Cytoplasm
parts of breakdown of glucose in aerobic respiration (3)
Conversion of Pyruvate to Acetyl CoA
Krebs cycle/citric acid cycle
Oxidative phosphorylation
pyruvate converted to acetyl coenzyme A
undergoes chemical modification/ “grooming”
Transition Step (2 NADH)
Energy yield per glucose of KREBS CYCLE
2 ATP + 6 NADH + 2 FADH2
membrane-embedded electron carriers that pass electrons sequentially from one to another
movement of ions (H+) down their electrochemical gradient that generates ATP
Electron transport chain
Chemiosis
List of electron carriers (4)
I-Flavoprotein
II- Fe-S Protein
QUinone - Non-protein mobile carrier
Cytochrome - mobile carrier
Oxidase positive bacteria (purple):
Pseudomonas
Vibrio
Neisseria
Oxidase negative bacteria (no color)
Salmonella
Shigella
The balance sheet of aerobic respiration
2 ATP:
6 ATP:
6 ATP:
2 ATP:
18 ATP:
4 ATP:
The balance sheet of aerobic respiration
2 ATP: Glycolysis substrate-level phosphorylation
6 ATP: Glycolysis NADH conversion (2 NADH)
6 ATP: Transition step (2 NADH)
2 ATP: Krebs scycle substrate-level phosphorylation
18 ATP: Krebs cycle: NADH
4 ATP: Krebs cycle:FADH2
38 ATP
Organisms that can go through sulfate reduction (1)
Organisms that can go through carbon dioxide reduction (2)
Desulfovibro
Methanobacterium
Methanococcus
True or false: all cycles are still applicable in fermentation
FALSE: Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation are down
Main Electron Acceptor of common products (2):
Lactic Acid (cheese, tooth decay) -
Ethanol (wine, spirits)-
Lactic Acid - Pyruvate
Ethanol - acetaldehyde
Positive in Methyl Red test
Positive in Voges-Proskauer test
Escherichia coli
Klebsiella