metabolism

Question 1

Metabolism:

Answer 1

the set of biochemical reactions that transform biomolecules and transfer energy

Question 2

CATABOLISM

Answer 2

break down molecules into smaller units
- produce ATP in the process

Question 3

ANABOLISM

Answer 3

build molecules from smaller units
- requires an input of energy (usually ATP)

Question 4

GIBBS FREE ENERGY (G)

Answer 4

amount of energy available to do work

Question 5

ΔG

Answer 5

free energy of the products minus the free energy of the reactants

Question 6

deltaG if products have more free energy than reactants

Answer 6

ΔG is positive
* net input of energy required to drive reaction forward

Question 7

deltaG if products have less free energy than reactants

Answer 7

ΔG is negative
* energy is released and available to do work

Question 8

spontaneous

Answer 8

reaction releases energy

Question 9

non-spontaneous

Answer 9

reaction requires a sustained input of energy

Question 10

ΔG = ΔH — TΔS

Answer 10

• G = Gibbs free energy
• H = Enthalpy
• T = absolute temperature
• S = entropy

Question 11

energetic coupling

Answer 11

process in which a spontaneous reaction ( - ΔG) drives a non- spontaneous reaction (+ ΔG)
* requires that the net ΔG of the two reactions be negative
* the two reactions must occur together
* in some cases, this coupling can be achieved if the two reactions share an
intermediate

Question 12

Potential Energy

Answer 12

the energy in BONDS
energy that COULD be used

Question 13

chemical energy

Answer 13

potential energy held in the chemical bonds between pairs of atoms in a molecule

Question 14

ΔG in Anabolic reactions

Answer 14

positive
use ATP to power these reactions

Question 15

ΔG in catabolic reactions

Answer 15

negative
gives off ATP

Question 16

what does the cell need from its environment for metabolism?

Answer 16

• Major bioelements - C, N, P, S, O, H
• Vitamins – Riboflavin, Niacin
• Minor bioelements - Fe, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, others
• Electrons (e-) - > sources of electrons
• Energy or components involved in a series of
  reactions that yield energy (terminal electron
  acceptors)

Question 17

types of energy sources in organisms

Answer 17

photo – energy from sun
chemo – energy from chemicals/molecules (chemical bonds)

Question 18

types of electron sources in organisms

Answer 18

organo – from organic molecules
litho – from inorganic molecules

Question 19

types of carbon sources in organisms

Answer 19

auto – inorganic carbon, make their OWN energy storing carbon molecules
hetero – have to CONSUME own carbon source

Question 20

carbon source and energy for humans is typically…

Answer 20

glucose!