1.4 intro to macromolecules

Question 1

organic molecules

Answer 1

contain at least one C-H bond

Question 2

Inorganic molecules

Answer 2

no C-H bonds

Question 3

4 major macromolecules and where they can be found in the cell

Answer 3

LIPIDS – cell membrane
CARBOHYDRATES – energy source, cell wall
NUCLEIC ACIDS – DNA/RNA
PROTEINS – everywhere!! enzymes, structure, transport, etc.

Question 4

polymers

Answer 4

repeated units connected by covalent bonds
macromolecules are polymers!!

Question 5

protein

Answer 5

found everywhere!
MONOMER: amino acids
COVALENT BOND: peptide bond
made from N to C

structural support, catalysts that facilitate chemical reacitons

Question 6

nucleic acid (DNA/RNA)

Answer 6

MONOMER: nucleotide
COVALENT BOND: phosphodiester bond

encode and transmit genetic information

Question 7

carbohydrate

Answer 7

energy source, found in cell wall
MONOMER: monosaccharides (simple sugars)
COVALENT BOND: glycosidic bond

Question 8

Lipid

Answer 8

• found in cell membrane
• MONOMER: fatty acid
• COVALENT BOND: Ester linkage
• do not have the same directionality/polarity as the other MM
• defined by properties, rather than structure
• contain a non-identical molecule (head group) attached to the monomer chain/s (tails)
• make up cell membranes, store energy, act as signalling molecules

Question 9

polarity in macromolecules vs in bonds

Answer 9

polymer has two chemically distinct ends

Question 10

where are glycosidic bonds formed in carbohydrates

Answer 10

between Carbon1 and Carbon 4

Question 11

what defines a lipid?

Answer 11

PROPERTIES, rather than structure