cellular respiration

Question 1

aerobic respiration

Answer 1

occuring WITH oxygen

Question 2

anaerobic respiration

Answer 2

occuring without oxygen
fermentation is example

Question 3

how is energy released in cellular respiration?

Answer 3

• released gradually in a series of chemical reactions… slowly oxidized
• energy is captured in the form of ATP and other high energy intermediates (NADH, FADH2)

Question 4

substrate-level phosphorylation

Answer 4

• hydrolysis of an organic molecule to yield a phosphate group to ad to ADP!
• gives enough free energy to drive the synthesis of ATP
• about 12%

happens until citric acid cycle

Question 5

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Answer 5

• chemical energy of organic molecules is transferred first to electron carriers and then to electron transport chain
• 88% ATP produced

Question 6

glycolysis

Answer 6

going from a carbohydrate to pyruvate…
produce ATP!!

Question 7

consists of 4 stages

Answer 7

1. glycolysis
2. pyruvate oxidation
3. citric acid cycle
4. oxidative phosphorylation

Question 8

what would happen if all the energy was released at once?

Answer 8

if energy was released all at once, it would be released as heat
* cell wouldn’t be able to harness it to do work!

Question 9

the nutrients taken up from the environment are all in the form of glucose: true or false

Answer 9

FALSE!

Cells can use other nutrients like amino acids and fatty acids.
BUT they will be broken down via alternate pathways.

Question 10

locations for steps of cellular respiration in bacteria

Answer 10

steps 1-3: glycolysis + pyruvate processing + citric acid cycle
CYTOPLASM/CYTOSOL

step 4: oxidative phosphorylation
CELL MEMBRANE
why? because it contains different concentrations of molecules

Question 11

locations for cellular respiration in eukaryotes

Answer 11

steps 1 = cytoplasm
glycolysis

step 2 and 3 = mitochondria
pyruvate processing + citric acid cycle

step 4: mitochondria
oxidative phosphorylation

Question 12

why is CO2 production significant?

Answer 12

it indicates carbon atoms from glucose have been completely oxidized

Question 13

high energy intermediates in their high energy form

Answer 13

ATP
NADH (reduced! can donate electrons)

Question 14

high energy intermediates in their low energy form

Answer 14

ADP/AMP (only 2 or 1 phosphate groups)
NAD+ (oxidized! can accept electrons)

Question 15

substrate level phosphrylation

Answer 15

Enzyme catalyzes transfer of phosphate from a phosphorylated molecule (= substrate) to ADP.

Location: Eukaryotic cytosol or mitochondrial
matrix (cytosol for bacteria)

Question 16

difference between Substrate-level phosphorylation (SLP) and Oxidative Phosphorylation (oxphos)

Answer 16

Substrate-level phosphorylation (SLP)
- involves ENZYMES and SUBSTRATES that phosphorylate ATP

Oxidative Phosphorylation (oxphos)
- involves membrane-bound enzymes and H+ (proton!) gradient that drives ATP phosphorylation