Metabolism

Question 1

distribution of human daily energy

Answer 1

70% basic organ function
20% physical activity
10% thermoregulation

Question 2

heterotrophs

Answer 2

derive energy from other organisms (food)

Question 3

metabolism

Answer 3

body processes that use or produce energy

Question 4

metabolic rate

Answer 4

the rate at which body energy is used in metabolism

Question 5

metabolism adjusted to meet ___

Answer 5

specific needs

Question 6

more body activity = ________

Answer 6

higher overall energy use (metabolic rate)

Question 7

what is metabolism regulated by

Answer 7

central nervous system and hormones

Question 8

change in metabolic rate is seen as:

Answer 8

altered O2 consumption, CO2 production, production of H+, heat production

Question 9

endotherm metabolism

Answer 9

evolved a high rate of metabolism to maintain body temperature

Question 10

how is metabolic rate measured

Answer 10

O2 consumption and CO2 production (indirectly)

Question 11

larger vs small animal O2 consumption

Answer 11

larger animals need less oxygen per mass of tissue than small animals

Question 12

mass specific metabolic rate

Answer 12

mass specific metabolic rate decreases as animal mass increases

Question 13

whole-animal metabolic rate

Answer 13

metabolic rate increases with mass of animal

Question 14

large animal body heat maintenance

Answer 14

more efficient than small animals, less surface area to volume ratio to lose heat

Question 15

endotherms

Answer 15

generates heat internally to maintain a steady body temp

Question 16

ectotherms

Answer 16

depend on external sources of body heat

Question 17

homeotherms

Answer 17

maintain a near constant body temp

Question 18

poikilotherms

Answer 18

do not maintain a steady body temp

Question 19

thermoregulation

Answer 19

maintaining of internal body temp by generation of excess heat

Question 20

advantages of ectotherms

Answer 20

less food needed, lower body energy expenditures

Question 21

disadvantages of ectotherms

Answer 21

need to cope with fluctuating body temps

Question 22

advantages of endotherms

Answer 22

always an optimal temperature of body

Question 23

disadvantages of endotherms

Answer 23

need a constant supply of high quality food

Question 24

what maintains balance of heat loss & gain in endotherms?

Answer 24

negative feedback loop

Question 25

thyroid hormones

Answer 25

cellular regulators of metabolism in endotherms