Metabolic/Toxic Disorders Flashcards
Lead poisoning in children
IQ deficits and behavioral impairment. Acute lead encephalopathy from eating paint.
Lead poisoning in adults
Abdominal pain, constipation, wrist drop, encephalopathy
Burton’s Line
Key sign of lead poisoning, discoloration of the upper gum margin.
Mercury poisoning
encephalopathy, sensorimotor neuropathy, tremor. “Mad hatter”
Arsenic poisoning
Encephalopathy, painful neuropathy, n/v, diarrhea, arrhythmias. Test in urine.
Test for Ar poisoning?
Urine better than blood.
Thallium poisoning
In rat poison. Vomiting, diarrhea, paresthesias, late hair los.
Manganese poisoning
Looks a lot like PD, but with hyperreflexia.
Marasmus
Balanced starvation (deficient in all nutrients)
Kwashiorkor
Low protein but carbs for calories.
Pickwickian Syndrome
Obstructive sleep apnea
Neurological complications of DM
Dementia, increased risk of stroke
Vitamin A intoxication
Increased ICP
Rum fits
Shakes after alcohol withdrawal (also known as delirium tremens)
Central pontine myelinolysis
Overvigorous correction of hyponatremia, get severe paralysis, dysphagia, dysarthria
Marchiafava-Bignami Disease
Demyelination of corpus callosum. Seen in chronic alcoholism, rapid psychosis stupor and coma.
Alcoholic cerebellar degeneration
Truncal ataxia, superior cerebellar vermis atrophies resulting in loss of purkinje cells
Asterixis
Jerking movement when hands extended, from hepatic encephalopathy.
Alcoholism-induced subdural hematoma
Shrinking brain, so bridging veins stretch.
IMPORTANT: Wernicke’s Encephalopathy
Triad of Ataxia, opthalmoplegia (cant move eyes, esp. lateral rectus), confusion. Due to poor intake of thiamine. Usually with nystagmus.
Untreated Wernicke’s encephalopathy leads to?
Korsakoff’s psychosis: anterograde amnesia, confabulation, apathy.
B6 (Pyridoxine) deficiency
Neuropathic, pellagrous, anemic. Usually seen in infancy, causes intractable seizures within hours of birth. Death if treated.
Cobalamine deficiency
Lack of IF causes pernicious anemia. can cause subacute combined degeneration of posteriolateral spinal cord. Can cause paresthesias in hands/feet, loss of vibration and position sense. Positive romberg.
Nitrous Oxide
Can cause degeneration of posteriolateral spinal cord
