Addiction Flashcards
Addiction and gender
Males have 2x rate of substance dependence. But among teenagers, its equal
Tolerance
Reduced drug effect after repeated use, need higher dose to achieve same effect
Sensitization
Increased drug effect after repeated use
Dependence
Altered physiological state that leads to withdrawal symptoms after cessation of drug use
Craving
Intense desire to use drug
Substance use disorder diagnosis guidelines
Problematic pattern of use leading to a clinically significant impairment or distress. With two of the listed signs.
Do tolerance and dependence define addiction?
No must be problematic.
Reward circuitry
VTA ->Nac. Rewards activate VTA, unexpected reward higher.
Cortical changes in addiction
Hypofrontality- compulsive, impulsive, decreased control over reward function
Hippocampus and reward
Controls drug use memories
Amygdala and reward
Controls drug cue memories
Opioid mechanism of action
Inhibit GABAergic interneurons in the VTA, increasing activity of the VTA dopamine system.
Nicotine mechanism of reward
Directly activates the VTA dopamine neurons
PCP
NMDA receptor antagonist
Alcohol
Gaba receptor antagonist, NMDA receptor antagonist, voltage gated ion channel agonist
