Child Development

Question 1

Basic newborn reflexes

Answer 1

Sucking
Rooting
Palmar grasp
Moro

Can lift head
Limited purposeful movements

Question 2

Piaget’s Stages

Answer 2

Sensorimotor (0-2) - No language or ability to symbolize, learning how to explore and manipulate body
Premotor (5-7): language without logic, magical thinking, animism, egocentric
Concrete operational (7-13): onset of logical thought
Formal Operational (13+): logic + abstract thought, imagining possibilities

Question 3

Thomas and Chess categories

Answer 3

Easy, difficult, slow to warm

Question 4

Mahler’s Attachment Stages

Answer 4

Normal Autism: baby in own world
Symbiosis: fuse with mom 2 months
Differentiation 4-5 mo: beginning separation, discovers outside world, wanders
Practicing 1 yr: Walking – hallmark of separation, but also separation anxiety
Object Constancy 2-5 yr: internalize mother as stable and reliable, can tolerate separation

Question 5

Bowlby and Ainsworth Attachment Styles

Answer 5

Secure (cry when parent leaves, but tolerates strangers)

insecure- avoidant, ambivalent, disorganized

Question 6

Psychosexual stages (Freud)

Answer 6

Oral 1 year
Anal 2 years – toilet training can’t happen until year 3
Genital 3-5 years (interest in babies, opposite sex, playing with genitals)

Question 7

Erikson’s 8 conflicts

Answer 7

Trust vs mistrust (infancy)
Autonomy vs shame and doubt (toddlers)
Initiative vs guilt (preschool)
Industry vs inferiority (school age)
Identity vs role confusion (adolescence)
Intimacy vs isolation (young adulthood)
Generativity vs Stagnation (middle age)
Integrity vs despair (old age)

Question 8

When does hippocampal growth spurt happen?

Answer 8

3 months, recognition memory. Working memory increases at 6 months

Question 9

When does stranger anxiety occur?

Answer 9

8 months

Question 10

When does separation anxiety occur

Answer 10

10 months

Question 11

One year old words?

Answer 11

Mama + dada + 1 word. Can walk and follows commands

Question 12

Two year old

Answer 12

Runs, climbs stairs
Language: 250 words and phrases (Language explosion happens here)
Preoperational – magical thinking, egotism
Parallel play
Anal phase

Question 13

Three year old

Answer 13

Rides tricycle, copies circle, toilet training
Language: colors, grammar: sentences, full name
Gender identity solidified, still parallel play.

Question 14

Latency period

Answer 14

5-10 years old: little citizens of the world. Logical thought begins, decreased egotism, improvements in attention and self-regulation.

Question 15

Kohlberg’s morality

Answer 15

Pre-conventional morality
Stage 1: What are the consequences
Stage 2: Are my needs satisfied?

Conventional morality - measured against society

Question 16

Puberty in males and females

Answer 16

Females 9-11, 11-13 for males.

Takes 4-5 years.

Question 17

When does babbling occur?

Answer 17

6 months