Metabolic rate Flashcards
What can be measured to show an organism’s metabolic rate?
Oxygen consumption over time, carbon dioxide production over time, heat production over time
Which organisms have single circulatory systems?
Fish
Which organisms have double incomplete circulatory systems?
Amphibians and reptiles
Which organisms have double complete circulatory systems?
Birds and mammals
Which organisms have the most efficient lungs?
Birds
Describe the lungs in a bird?
Air moves through in one direction, has parabronchi to increase surface area for gas exchange.
Describe two adaptions may have to high altitudes (low oxygen niche)?
Increase number of red blood cells, increased mass of haemoglobin in cells.
Describe two adaptations organisms may have to deep diving (low oxygen niche)?
Can collapse their lungs allowing them to sink quickly using less energy to dive, slow their heart rate.
What is VO2 Max?
The maximum volume of oxygen which can be taken up from the lungs and used by the body during intense exercise.
Why are amphibian lungs not very complex?
They can exchange gases through their skin.
Why do birds have such efficient lungs?
They are very active so require lots of energy-lots of oxygen is needed to produce ATP by respiration.
Describe the lungs in mammals and reptiles?
A highly branched system of bronchioles ending in alveoli providing a large surface area for gas exchange.
Describe a single circulatory system?
Heart has two atriums, one ventricle. Blood passes through heart once on a complete circuit. Blood delivered to tissues at low pressure.
Describe an incomplete double circulatory?
Two atria, two ventricles. Blood passes through heart twice on a complete circuit around the body. No septum so some mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
