Gene Expression

Question 1

Which enzyme is responsible for transcription?

Answer 1

RNA polymerase

Question 2

Which process produces a primary mRNA transcript?

Answer 2

Transcription

Question 3

Which process takes place to turn a primary mRNA transcript into a mature mRNA molecule?

Answer 3

Splicing

Question 4

Which process is when the mature mRNA is used to direct the synthesis of a protein?

Answer 4

Translation

Question 5

Which process takes place after translation and can result in multiple different proteins being produced from one gene?

Answer 5

Post-translational modification

Question 6

Where does transcription take place?

Answer 6

In the nucleus

Question 7

Where does translation take place?

Answer 7

At the ribosome

Question 8

Which molecule carries specific amino acids to the ribosome?

Answer 8

tRNA

Question 9

What is the ribosome composed of?

Answer 9

rRNA and protein

Question 10

What is the function of RNA polymerase?

Answer 10

Breaks the hydrogen bonds between strands of DNA to begin transcription and adds complementary nucleotides to build a molecule of mRNA.

Question 11

Describe the complementary base pairing used to build a molecule of RNA.

Answer 11

A—U, C—G

Question 12

Which bonds hold amino acids together to form a polypeptide?

Answer 12

Peptide bond

Question 13

What happens during splicing?

Answer 13

Introns are removed and exons are spliced together.

Question 14

Which codons begin and end translation?

Answer 14

START and STOP codons.

Question 15

What is the function of tRNA?

Answer 15

Carries a specific amino acid and has an anticodon which is complementary to a codon.

Question 16

What is the function of mRNA?

Answer 16

It carries a complementary copy of the DNA code from the nucleus to a ribosome in the cytoplasm.

Question 17

What happens during post-translational modification?

Answer 17

The addition of phosphate or carbohydrate molecules, cleavage of polypeptide chains.

Question 18

What is alternative splicing?

Answer 18

When introns are treated as exons or exons are treated as introns leading to different versions of the mature mRNA

Question 19

How can one gene lead to the production of many proteins?

Answer 19

Post-translational modification, alternative splicing

Question 20

Which bonds are responsible for the final shape of a protein?

Answer 20

Hydrogen bonds between amino acids and sulphur bridges.

Question 21

What is an intron?

Answer 21

A non-coding region of mRNA

Question 22

What is an exon?

Answer 22

Coding region of mRNA.

Question 23

Which factors can regulate gene expression?

Answer 23

Intracellular and extracellular factors.

Question 24

How is gene expression controlled?

Answer 24

By regulating transcription or translation.

Question 25

What is the phenotype of an organism?

Answer 25

: The physical and chemical characteristics of an organism.

Question 26

What happens during translation at the ribosome?

Answer 26

tRNA with complementary anticodons match with codons on the mRNA

Question 27

What are the differences between RNA and DNA nucleotides?

Answer 27

RNA contains RIBOSE SUGAR and URACIL, DNA contains DEOXYRIBOSE SUGAR and THYMINE

Also, RNA is one strand whereas DNA has two strands

Question 28

What is a codon?

Answer 28

A sequence of three bases on mRNA which codes for one amino acid.