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Nur 4410 Peds Exam #2 > Metabolic or Endocrine Condition > Flashcards

Metabolic or Endocrine Condition Flashcards

1
Q

Beta cell destruction in pancreas (insulin dependent)
Autoimmune – genetic with precipitating factors

A

DM 1

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2
Q

Signs and symptoms:
Polyuria/Polydipsia/
Polyphagia
Weight loss
Fruity breath

What is it??

A

DM 1

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3
Q

Diagnosis of DM 1:

A

Elevated blood glucose >200
Elevated hemoglobin
A1C >7.0
+glucose and ketones in urine

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4
Q
A
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5
Q

Signs and symptoms:
Fruity breath
Kussmaul breathing
Fatigue, malaise, N/V, 3P’s, weight loss

What is it??

A

Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

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6
Q

Diagnosis of Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA):

A

Significantly elevated blood glucose
+glucose and ketones in urine
Lab values (CO2

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7
Q

Nursing Care for DKA

A

IV fluids & replace electrolytes
Insulin drip

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8
Q

Resistance to insulin
Increasingly common in pediatrics with obesity epidemic
Reversible

A

Type II Diabetes

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9
Q

Diagnosis of Type II Diabetes

A

Two fasting glucose levels >125 or two random glucose levels >200
Hemoglobin A1C >6.5

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10
Q

Nursing care for Type II Diabetes:

A

Oral medications if hgb A1C 6.2-9.0
Insulin for hgb A1C >9.0

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11
Q

function as messengers and coordinators

A

hormones

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12
Q

Function of endocrine system

A

secrete hormones to regulate bodily functions

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13
Q

Signs and symptoms Delayed growth within first 2 years of life (

A

Hypopituitary (Growth Hormone Deficiency)

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14
Q

Diagnosis of Hypopituitary (Growth Hormone Deficiency)

A

Growth chart evaluation, labs (endocrine), bone age x-ray, Brain MRI

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15
Q

Normal puberty onset for girls and boys

A

Girls: 8-13y Boys: 9.5-14y

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16
Q

Incidence of puberty is 5x higher in girls than boys

A

Pituitary Hyperfunction (Precocious Puberty)

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17
Q

Signs and symptoms: Boys: facial hair, penile growth, increased masculinity Girls: breast development, onset of menarche Increase in LH, FSH, testosterone What is it??

A

Pituitary Hyperfunction (Precocious Puberty)

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18
Q

What do you give a patient with Pituitary Hyperfunction (Precocious Puberty)

A

GnRH agonist administration

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19
Q

Excessive amounts of GH releasedcausing excessive growth of long bones in adulthood after growth plates closed

A

Acromegaly

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20
Q

Excessive amounts of GH releasedcausing excessive growth of long bones in childhood before growth plates close

A

Gigantism

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21
Q

Complications of Acromegaly and Gigantism:

A

cardiomegaly, diabetes

22
Q

Medication for Acromegaly and Gigantism:

A

GnRH antagonists

23
Q

Signs and symptoms Insufficient production of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) What is it??

A

Diabetes Insipidous

24
Q

Two types of Diabetes Insipidus

A

Central and Nephrogenic

25
Q

Signs & Symptoms: Polydipsia Polyuria Enuresis What is it?

A

Diabetes Insipidous

26
Q

Diagnosis of Diabetes Insipidus:

A

Water deprivation test

27
Q

Medication for Central Diabetes Insipidous:

A

Oral doses of desmopressin (DDAVP)

28
Q

Medication for Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidous:

A

Diuretics, Monitor I/O, Low solute diets

29
Q

Rare in children Signs and symptoms Excessive levels of antidiuretic hormones Results in water intoxication N/V What is it??

A

Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)

30
Q

Nursing care for SIADH

A

Fluid restrictions 50-75% of maint. Daily weights Monitor I/O

31
Q
A
32
Q

Signs and symptoms
Delayed growth
Inability to tolerate cold
Constipation
Fatigue
Poor feeding

What is it??

A

Hypothyroidism

33
Q

What medication would be given for Hypothyroidism?

A

Levothyroxine (Synthroid)

34
Q

Causes
Overproduction of TSH
Autoimmune

A

Hyperthyroidism (Graves’ Disease)

35
Q

Signs and symptoms
Goiter
Protruding/reddened eyes
Tachycardia

What is it??

A

Hyperthyroidism (Graves’ Disease)

36
Q

What medications would you give for Hyperthyroidism (Graves’ Disease)?

A

Antithyroid mediation, Beta-blockers, Radioactive iodine, surgery

37
Q

Complication of Hyperthyroidism (Graves’ Disease)

A

Thyroid storm

38
Q

Signs and symptoms:
Causes a decrease in calcium levels and increase phosphate levels in blood
Vomiting
Headaches
Mental Deficiency (DiGeorge syndrome)
Painful spasms of face, hands, arms, and feet
Poor tooth development, apneic episodes, abdominal distention

What is it??

A

Hypoparathyroidism

39
Q

What medication would you give to a patient with hypoparathyroidism?

A

Supplemental calcium/vitamin D

40
Q

Caused by rapid withdrawal from steroids, sepsis, surgical stress

A

Acute Adrenocortical Insufficiency (Adrenal Crisis)

41
Q

Signs and symptoms
LIFE THREATENING, failure to make enough adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Weakness, N/V/D, low blood pressure, fever, confusion

What is it??

A

Acute Adrenocortical Insufficiency (Adrenal Crisis)

42
Q

What medications would you give to a patient with Acute Adrenocortical Insufficiency (Adrenal Crisis)?

A

IV steroid and antibiotics, rehydration, vasopressor

43
Q

Underactive adrenal gland
Cause unknown

A

Chronic Adrenocortical Insufficiency (Addison Disease)

44
Q

Signs and symptoms
Under physical stress: weakness, fatigue, dizziness, rapid pulse, dark skin

What is it??

A

Chronic Adrenocortical Insufficiency (Addison Disease)

45
Q

What medication would you give to a patient with Chronic Adrenocortical Insufficiency (Addison Disease)?

A

Cortisol (PO or IM), monitor for dehydration (fluid and electrolyte imbalance)

46
Q

Inability to produce cortisol
Negative feedback system fails  excessive corticosteroid releasing hormone released and ACTH from ant pituitary
Overproduction of ACTH causes adrenals to become hyperplastic excessive androgens released

A

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

47
Q

Signs & symptoms
Ambiguous genitalia in females, precocious puberty in males

What is it??

A

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

48
Q

Diagnosis of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

A

newborn screening

49
Q

What medication would you give to a patient with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia?

A

Glucocorticoid, genital surgery for females

50
Q
A

Nur 4410 Peds Exam #2 (9 decks)

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