Metabolic and Endocrine Contd

Question 1

function as messengers and coordinators

Answer 1

hormones

Question 2

Function of endocrine system

Answer 2

secrete hormones to regulate bodily functions

Question 3

Signs and symptoms Delayed growth within first 2 years of life (

Answer 3

Hypopituitary (Growth Hormone Deficiency)

Question 4

Diagnosis of Hypopituitary (Growth Hormone Deficiency)

Answer 4

Growth chart evaluation, labs (endocrine), bone age x-ray, Brain MRI

Question 5

Normal puberty onset for girls and boys

Answer 5

Girls: 8-13y Boys: 9.5-14y

Question 6

Incidence of puberty is 5x higher in girls than boys

Answer 6

Pituitary Hyperfunction (Precocious Puberty)

Question 7

Signs and symptoms: Boys: facial hair, penile growth, increased masculinity Girls: breast development, onset of menarche Increase in LH, FSH, testosterone What is it??

Answer 7

Pituitary Hyperfunction (Precocious Puberty)

Question 8

What do you give a patient with Pituitary Hyperfunction (Precocious Puberty)

Answer 8

GnRH agonist administration

Question 9

Excessive amounts of GH releasedcausing excessive growth of long bones in adulthood after growth plates closed

Answer 9

Acromegaly

Question 10

Excessive amounts of GH releasedcausing excessive growth of long bones in childhood before growth plates close

Answer 10

Gigantism

Question 11

Complications of Acromegaly and Gigantism:

Answer 11

cardiomegaly, diabetes

Question 12

Medication for Acromegaly and Gigantism:

Answer 12

GnRH antagonists

Question 13

Signs and symptoms Insufficient production of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) What is it??

Answer 13

Diabetes Insipidous

Question 14

Two types of Diabetes Insipidus

Answer 14

Central and Nephrogenic

Question 15

Signs & Symptoms: Polydipsia Polyuria Enuresis What is it?

Answer 15

Diabetes Insipidous

Question 16

Diagnosis of Diabetes Insipidus:

Answer 16

Water deprivation test

Question 17

Medication for Central Diabetes Insipidous:

Answer 17

Oral doses of desmopressin (DDAVP)

Question 18

Medication for Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidous:

Answer 18

Diuretics, Monitor I/O, Low solute diets

Question 19

Rare in children Signs and symptoms Excessive levels of antidiuretic hormones Results in water intoxication N/V What is it??

Answer 19

Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (SIADH)

Question 20

Nursing care for SIADH

Answer 20

Fluid restrictions 50-75% of maint. Daily weights Monitor I/O

Question 21

Question 22

Signs and symptoms
Delayed growth
Inability to tolerate cold
Constipation
Fatigue
Poor feeding

What is it??

Answer 22

Hypothyroidism

Question 23

What medication would be given for Hypothyroidism?

Answer 23

Levothyroxine (Synthroid)

Question 24

Causes
Overproduction of TSH
Autoimmune

Answer 24

Hyperthyroidism (Graves’ Disease)

Question 25

Signs and symptoms
Goiter
Protruding/reddened eyes
Tachycardia

What is it??

Answer 25

Hyperthyroidism (Graves’ Disease)

Question 26

What medications would you give for Hyperthyroidism (Graves’ Disease)?

Answer 26

Antithyroid mediation, Beta-blockers, Radioactive iodine, surgery

Question 27

Complication of Hyperthyroidism (Graves’ Disease)

Answer 27

Thyroid storm

Question 28

Signs and symptoms:
Causes a decrease in calcium levels and increase phosphate levels in blood
Vomiting
Headaches
Mental Deficiency (DiGeorge syndrome)
Painful spasms of face, hands, arms, and feet
Poor tooth development, apneic episodes, abdominal distention

What is it??

Answer 28

Hypoparathyroidism

Question 29

What medication would you give to a patient with hypoparathyroidism?

Answer 29

Supplemental calcium/vitamin D

Question 30

Caused by rapid withdrawal from steroids, sepsis, surgical stress

Answer 30

Acute Adrenocortical Insufficiency (Adrenal Crisis)

Question 31

Signs and symptoms
LIFE THREATENING, failure to make enough adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Weakness, N/V/D, low blood pressure, fever, confusion

What is it??

Answer 31

Acute Adrenocortical Insufficiency (Adrenal Crisis)

Question 32

What medications would you give to a patient with Acute Adrenocortical Insufficiency (Adrenal Crisis)?

Answer 32

IV steroid and antibiotics, rehydration, vasopressor

Question 33

Underactive adrenal gland
Cause unknown

Answer 33

Chronic Adrenocortical Insufficiency (Addison Disease)

Question 34

Signs and symptoms
Under physical stress: weakness, fatigue, dizziness, rapid pulse, dark skin

What is it??

Answer 34

Chronic Adrenocortical Insufficiency (Addison Disease)

Question 35

What medication would you give to a patient with Chronic Adrenocortical Insufficiency (Addison Disease)?

Answer 35

Cortisol (PO or IM), monitor for dehydration (fluid and electrolyte imbalance)

Question 36

Inability to produce cortisol
Negative feedback system fails  excessive corticosteroid releasing hormone released and ACTH from ant pituitary
Overproduction of ACTH causes adrenals to become hyperplastic excessive androgens released

Answer 36

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

Question 37

Signs & symptoms
Ambiguous genitalia in females, precocious puberty in males

What is it??

Answer 37

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

Question 38

Diagnosis of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

Answer 38

newborn screening

Question 39

What medication would you give to a patient with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia?

Answer 39

Glucocorticoid, genital surgery for females