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Nur 4410 Peds Exam #2 > Integumentary Condition > Flashcards

Integumentary Condition Flashcards

1
Q

Integumentary changes as children grow from newborn to adolescent age
NEWBORN

A

thin, blisters on friction, ECCRINE glands functional throughout, APOCRINE glands nonfunctional, color light for ethnicity, avoid sunexposure

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2
Q

Phases of Wound Healing

A

Phases of wound healing
Inflammation – lasts 2-5 days
Proliferation – lasts 2 days-3 weeks
Remodeling (figure 31.2) – lasts 3 weeks-2 years

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3
Q

Inflammation lasts

A

2-5 days

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4
Q

Proliferation lasts

A

2days - 3weeks

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5
Q

Remodeling lasts

A

3weeks-2years

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6
Q

Most common bacterial skin disorder

Most common during adolescents

A

Acne Vulgaris

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7
Q

Signs and symptoms
Comedones – open and closed
Inflammation
Cysts/nodules

A

Acne Vulgaris

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8
Q

What type of moisturizer do you use with Acne Vulgaris?

A

water-soluble moisturizer

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9
Q

Caused by bacterial invasion of an opening in the skin – Staph and Strep

A

Impetigo or Cellulitis

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10
Q

Signs and symptoms
Highly contagious
“honey-colored” crust is hallmark sign

A

Impetigo

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11
Q

Medication used to treat Impetigo?

A

Bactroban

Oral antibiotics

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12
Q

Signs and symptoms

Edema, erythema, hot to the touch, localized pain

A

Cellulitis

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13
Q

Nursing Care for Cellulitis

A

Antibiotics

Note that a severe case requires hospitalization and IV antibiotics

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14
Q

Complication of Cellulitis

A

abscess with drainage

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15
Q

Bacterial Infections

A

Acne
Impetigo
Cellulitis

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16
Q

Sign and symptoms
Rough, raised, and flesh-colored
Occur anywhere on the body

A

Human Papilloma Virus: Warts

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17
Q

Nursing Care for Human Papilloma Virus: Warts

A

Usually no intervention needed
Will resolve spontaneously within weeks to a few years
Discuss over-the-counter or prescription medications that are available

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18
Q

Painful blisters on mucosal surfaces of the skin

A

HSV-1 (cold sore)

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19
Q

genital herpes

A

HSV-2

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20
Q

S/S
Watery, painful, tingling blisters
Latency and exacerbations – based on stressors
Highly-contagious

A

Herpes Simplex Virus

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21
Q

Nursing Care for Herpes Simplex Virus

A

No Cure

Medications topical and oral

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22
Q

Viral Infections

A

HPV

HSV

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23
Q

Caused by allergen or skin irritant
Signs and symptoms
Skin irritated, inflamed, and pruritic
Vesicles and bullae may be present

A

Contact Dermatitis

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24
Q

fluid-filled sacs or lesions that appear when fluid is trapped under a thin layer of your skin

A

bullae

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25
Q

Drying agent used on contact dermatitis

A

Domeboro

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26
Q

Nursing Care for Contact Dermatitis

A

Domeboro
Cool baths
Topical Hydrocortisone
Avoid Trigger

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27
Q

Chronic - idiopathic
Signs and symptoms
Red, raised rash that is pruritic and painful
Rash in infants usually presents on head, face, creases of arms and legs

A

Atopic Dermatitis

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28
Q

Nursing Care for Atopic Dermatitis

A

Prevent secondary infection

Provide good hygeine

29
Q

Fungal infection to the scalp (“cradle cap”)

A

Seborrheic Dermatitis

30
Q

S&S of Seborrheic Dermatitis

A

Red to pink patches with loose yellow greasy scaling

31
Q

Nursing Care for Seborrheic Dermatitis

A

Use antifungal therapy or topical corticosteroids

Selenium shampoo with scrubbing

32
Q

Manifestation of an allergic response

A

cutaneous skin reactions

33
Q

exanthema; type of cutaneous skin reaction

34
Q

urticarial; type of cutaneous skin reaction

35
Q

4 types of cutaneous skin reactions

A

types-exanthema (eruption), urticarial (itching), blistering (swelling), or pustular
The allergic reaction can be mild or severe

36
Q

Nursing Care for Cutaneous skin reactions

A

Assess for facial swelling (especially lips and tongue)
Educate about removing and avoiding allergen
Antihistamines and topical corticosteroids

37
Q

Triggered by medications
Signs and symptoms
Begins with nonspecific upper respiratory infection
Bullae often appear in a target-like pattern
Shedding of skin

A

Stevens Johnson Syndrome (Erythema Multiforme)

38
Q

Nursing Care of Stevens Johnson Syndrome (Erythema Multiforme)

A

Eliminate the causative agent and treat skin lesions
Use an air/fluid-filled bed, nutritional support, IV fluids, and pain management
Antibiotics may be necessary

39
Q

Signs and symptoms

Infest the body but primarily choose areas that have longer hair: nape of neck and behind the ears

A

Lice (Pediculosis)

40
Q

Nursing Care

A

Visually inspect

EDUCATION! To prevent further spread and effective elimination

41
Q

Signs and symptoms
Rash is red streaked and appears linear from the burrowing
Intense itching especially at night

A

Mite Infestation (Scabies)

42
Q

Medication used for MIte Infestations (Scabies)

A

Scabacide (permethrin)

43
Q

Nursing Care for Scabies

A

Use scabacide (permethrin)
Give warm bath and apply cream or lotion (repeat in 1 week
Family needs treated

44
Q

The third leading cause of death in children

45
Q

Between the ages of 1 and 4 who is more likely to get burned, girls or boys

A

boys twice as likely as girls

46
Q

Average age of pediatric burn patient is how old?

47
Q

Most common type of burn

48
Q

Types of Thermal burns:

A

Flame-ignition of combustible material (fireworks)
Flash-explosions (fuels)
Scald-hot liquid spills
Contact-hot object

49
Q

Types of Burns:

A

Thermal
Chemical
Electrical
Radiation

50
Q

First degree burns are _______.

A

Superficial

51
Q

Secondary Burns effect what part of the skin

A

superficial partial thickness or deep partial thickness

52
Q

Third degree burns effect what part of the skin

A

full thickness

53
Q

TBSA - Calculations rule of 9s ADULT

A 
Adult 
head - 9%
arms - 9%each
trunk - 18%
legs - 18%each
groin - 1%
54
Q

TBSA - Calculations rule of 9s INFANT

A 
head - 18%
arms - 9%each
trunk - 18% front, back
legs - 14%each
groin - 1%
55
Q

Fluid Resuscitation

A

IV fluids—lactated Ringer’s solution

Monitor urine output – should be 1-2mL/kg/hr

56
Q

Formula for Urine Output

A

1-2mL/kg/hr

57
Q

Parkland Formula

A

4mL of IVF X kg X %TBSA
give 1/2 over first 8hr from burn
give 1/2 over the next 16hrs

58
Q

Caloric Requirement for a patient with a burn covering >30% of body

A

2000-2200 calories/day

59
Q

When is enteral feeding initiated after burn and at what type of feeding

A

within 6hrs of burn; 2g/kg of protein

60
Q

What type of pain medications are used for burns

A

morphine or fentanyl

61
Q

what type of anxiety medications are used for burns

62
Q

nonpharmalogical intervention for burns

A

distraction

63
Q

Is PTSD associated with burns?

64
Q

Wound care for burns

A

Initially decontaminate wound
Debride wound (tub or enzyme collagenase)
Clean wound
Apply transparent occlusive dressings so the wound can be easily assessed for infection

65
Q

Types of temporary skin replacement

A

Biobrane™, Transcyte™

66
Q

Types of permanent skin replacement

A

Xenograft, cadaver skin (allograft)
Integra™, Apligraf™
Cultured epithelial autograft (CEA), autografting

67
Q

A graft of tissue obtained from a donor of the same species as, but with a different genetic make-up from, the recipient, human to human

68
Q

The six “C’s” of nursing care for minor burns

A 
Clothing-remove
Cooling – cool water, no ice
Cleaning – soap and water
Chemoprophylaxis - bacitracin
Covering - gauze
Comforting

Nur 4410 Peds Exam #2 (9 decks)

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