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Nur 4410 Peds Exam #2 > GI Disorders > Flashcards

GI Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Mouth, esophagus, stomach

Responsible for nutrient intake and ingestion

A

Upper GI tract

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2
Q

Small & large intestines
Handles remainder of digestion, absorption, and metabolism
Elimination

A

Lower GI tract

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3
Q

Built-in safeguard to prevent choking while sucking and swallowing
Quicker gastric emptying time
Liver and pancreas not fully mature until 6 months of age
Pancreatic lipase not adequately secreted until 1 year – problem with digesting fats until then

A

Infants

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4
Q

Reduced caloric needs from infancy

Sporadic appetites

A

Toddlers

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5
Q

Appetite fluctuations continue

GI tract mature

A

Preschool

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6
Q

Most common type of hernia in children

5x more likely in males

A

Inguinal Hernia

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7
Q

Signs & symptoms
Swelling/bulging in inguinal area
May be worse with straining

A

Inguinal Hernia

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8
Q

Nursing Care for Inguinal Hernia

A

Surgery (ante operative care)

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9
Q

Most common type of hernia in infants

A

Umbilical Hernia

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10
Q

Signs & Symptoms
Swelling on umbilical area
Reducible

A

Umbilical Hernia

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11
Q

Nursing Care for Umbilical Hernia

A

Most resolve spontaneously by 3-5 yrs of age

Surgery – if persist past age 5y

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12
Q

Caused by abnormal or arrested development
Range from simple to complex
S/S
Generally apparent at birth

A

Anorectal Malformations

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13
Q

Nursing Care for anorectal malformations

A

Depends on the extent of the malformation

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14
Q

Structural GI disorders

A

Inguinal Hernia
Umbilical Hernia
Anorectal Malformations

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15
Q 
Cause unknown
Males > females
Signs & Symptoms: 
Projectile vomiting
Olive-shaped mass in abdomen
A

Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis

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16
Q

Diagnosis for Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis

A

Upper GI, Ultrasound

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17
Q

Nursing Care for Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis

A

Post surgical, Education for parents

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18
Q

Intestine telescopes into itself

Males > females

A

Intussesception

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19
Q

S&S of Intussesception

A

Currant jelly stools
Acute onset abdominal pain
Sausage-shaped mass in RUQ

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20
Q

Diagnosis of Intussesception

A

Abdominal US

Barium/air enema

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21
Q

Nursing Care for Intussesception

A

Post surgical

Education and reassurance to parents

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22
Q

Signs & Symptoms
Most common during first month of life: intermittent bilious vomit, abdominal distention, recurrent pain, palpable epigastric mass, dehydration & lethargy

A

Malrotation & Volvulus

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23
Q

Diagnosis of Malrotation & Volvulus

A

Barium enema or Upper GI

Will show corkscrew, coiled, or bird’s beak appearance

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24
Q

Complications of Malrotation & Volvulus

A

Intestinal necrosis, peritonitis, perforation, short bowel, death

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25
Q

Nursing Care of Malrotation & Volvulus

A

Surgical

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26
Q

Obstructive GI Disorders

A

Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
Intussesception
Malrotation & Volvulus

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27
Q

Most common in school-age/adolescence

Cause is motor, autonomic, psychological

A

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

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28
Q

S/S

Abd pain, gas, bloating, constipation, diarrhea

A

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

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29
Q

Diagnosis of Irritable Bowel Syndrome

A

based on H/P

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30
Q

Nursing Care for Irritable Bowel Syndrome

A

Dietary, Stress reduction, Education

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31
Q

Chronic inflammatory disease with periods of exacerbations and remissions. “Skip lesions” in the bowel

A

Crohn’s Disease

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32
Q

S&S of Crohn’s Disease

A

Abdominal pain
Diarrhea
Anorexia/weight loss

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33
Q

Nursing Care for Crohn’s Disease

A

Corticosteriods
Flagyl
Surgery
Emotional support

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34
Q

Acute or chronic inflammation of a continuous segment of the colon

A

Ulcerative Colitis

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35
Q

S&S of Ulcerative Colitis

A

Recurrent bloody diarrhea
Urgency
Tenesmus (painful spasms)
Systemic Symptoms

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36
Q

Nursing Care for Ulcerative Colitis

A

Immunomodulatory agents
Steroids
Nutrition
Surgical

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37
Q

Inflammation of the appendix

A

Appendicitis

38
Q

What percent of appendix’s with appendicitis will perforate within 48hours

A

80%

39
Q

S&S of Appendicitis

A

Periumbilical pain followed by RLQ pain

Vomiting, anorexia, fever

40
Q

Nursing Care for Appendicitis

A

Surgical

Antibiotics if perforation

41
Q

Infection of umbilical stump

A

Omphalitis

42
Q

S&S of Omphalitis

A

Redness and edema of soft tissue around umbilical stump

43
Q

Nursing Care for Omphalitis

A

Parental education

IV antibiotics

44
Q

Inflammatory GI Disorders

A 
IBS
Crohn's
Ulcerative Colitis
Appendicitis
Omphalitis
45
Q

What is the cause of Infantile Colic?

A

unknown

46
Q

S&S of Infantile Colic:

A

Persistent, unexplained crying or fussing in infants younger than 3 MONTHS
Crying episodes last 3 hours per DAY, >3 days per WEEK, and >3 WEEKS
Infant pulls both legs and arms to a FLEXED position

47
Q

Nursing Care for Infantile Colic requires Education on what topics?

A 
Education
Over or underfeeding
Inadequate burping
Maternal anxiety
Cigarette smoke
48
Q

Excessive loss of fluids and electrolytes in the stools

A

Acute Diarrhea

49
Q

Causes of Acute Diarrhea

A

Infection
Diet
Medications
Toxins

50
Q

4Types of Acute Diarrhea

A

Osmotic
Secretory
Motility disorders
Inflammatory Disorders

51
Q

Nursing Care for Acute Diarrhea

A

Most Cases are Self-limiting
Oral rehydration
IV rehydration

52
Q

1 or more liquid to semiliquid stools passed per day for 14 days or longer
Usually associated with a chronic disease

A

Chronic Diarrhea

53
Q

Common Cause of Shaken Baby Syndrome

A

Infantile Colic

54
Q

Diagnosis of Chronic Diarrhea

A

Stool cultures, O/P, Occult blood, fats

55
Q

Nursing Care for Chronic Diarrhea

A

Treat underlying cause

Similar to treatment of acute diarrhea

56
Q

Difficult or infrequent passage of hard stool

A

Constipation

57
Q

Hard, palpable stool on abdomen

Poor appetite, straining with stools

A

Constipation

58
Q

Nursing Care for Constipation

A

Bowel retraining
Education
Nutrition

59
Q

Stool incontinence beyond age 4y

A

Encopresis

60
Q

Involuntary Encopresis

A

with constipation

61
Q

Voluntary Encopresis

A

without constipation

62
Q

S&S of Encopresis

A

Stained underwear, constipation symptoms, anorexia, abdominal pain

63
Q

Nursing Care for Encopresis

A

Bowel retraining
Education
Nutrition

64
Q

What percent of infants <2months of age have symptoms?

A

50%

65
Q

S&S of GERD

A

Vomiting & Regurgitation
Fussiness
Refusal to eat
Choking, Coughing, Wheezing, Apnea

66
Q

Diagnosis of GERD

A

H/P

pH study or swallow study

67
Q

When do most cases of GERD improve/resolve?

A

by 9months of age

68
Q

Nursing Care for GERD

A

Elevate HOB

Nissen fundoplication - worst cases

69
Q

Congenital absence of Meissner’s and Auerbach’s autonomic plexus in the bowel wall

A

Hirschsprung Disease

70
Q

S&S of Hirschsprung Disease

A

Failure to pass meconium within the first 48 hours of life, failure to thrive, poor feeding, enterocolitis

71
Q

Nursing Care for Hirschsprung Disease

A

Surgical resection
May or may not have a colostomy
Neorectum

72
Q

Functional GI Conditions

A 
Infantile Colic
Acute Diarrhea
Chronic Diarrhea
Constipation
Encopresis
GERD
Hirschsprung Disease
73
Q

Inability to digest milk and dairy – deficient in lactase

A

Lactose Intolerance

74
Q

S/S Lactose Intolerance

A

Bloating, Cramping, Diarrhea, Vomiting

75
Q

Diagnosis of Lactose Intolerance

A

H/P, Dietary Elimination Trial

76
Q

Nursing Care for Lactose Intolerance

A

Nutrition, Education

77
Q

Gluten-induced enteropathy and gluten-sensitive enteropathy causing damage to small bowel mucosa

A

Celiac Disease

78
Q

S&S of Celiac Disease

A

Weight loss
anorexia
Listlessness
Diarrhea

79
Q

Nursing Care for Celiac Disease

A

Gluten-free diet, Support

80
Q

Usually caused by surgical resection of small bowel
Signs & Symptoms:
Malnutrition & diarrhea
Steatorrhea & carbohydrate malabsorption result in diarrhea and FTT

A

Short Bowel Syndrome

81
Q

Nursing Care for Short Bowel Syndrome

A 
Maintain adequate nutrition & prevent complications 
Tube feedings (NG & GT)
Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) via central line
82
Q

Malabsorption GI Disorders

A

Lactose Intolerance
Celiac Disease
Short Bowel Syndrome

83
Q

Idiopathic – causes intra and extrahepatic bile duct fibrosis and obstruction

A

Biliary Atresia

84
Q

S&S of Biliary Atresia

A

Jaundice
Dark Urine
Light Stools

85
Q

Nursing Care for Biliary Atresia

A

Kasai procedure
Nutrition support
TPN/LIPIDS

86
Q

Occurs secondary to many liver and inflammatory conditions

A

Cirrhosis

87
Q

S&S of Cirrhosis

A

Jaundice
FTT
Anorexia
Fatigue

88
Q

Nursing Care for Cirrhosis

A

Prevent Complications

Liver transplant

89
Q

Hepatic Disorders

A

Biliary Atresia

Cirrhosis

90
Q

type of diarrhea that occurs when too much water is drawn into the bowels

A

Osmotic Diarrhea

91
Q

an increase in the active secretion, or there is an inhibition of absorption. There is little to no structural damage

A

Secretory Diarrhea

Nur 4410 Peds Exam #2 (9 decks)

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