Metabolic Diseases

Question 1

Most common form of dwarfism

Answer 1

Achondroplasia

Question 2

Autosomal dominant or sporadic mutation where torso is normal limbs are shortened followed by large head frontal bossing saddle nose
Maxillary hypoplasia and mandibular prognathism

Answer 2

Achondroplasia

Question 3

Dwarfism caused by undersecretion of GH from ant pituitary gland resulting in short stature, delayed eruption and shedding, microdontia, small jaws causing malocclusion and underdeveloped mandible

Answer 3

Pituitary dwarfism

Question 4

Overproduction of GH usually due to a pituitary tumor or hyperpituitarism happening before adolescence manifesting enlargement of facial soft tissues hands and feet and mandible with true macrodontia and hypercementosis

Answer 4

Gigantism

Question 5

Excess peoduction of GH after adolescence resulting in hypertension DM heart disease arthritis peripheral neuropathy renewed growth of bones followed by mand prognathism open bite diastema macroglossia and hypercementosis

Answer 5

Acromegaly

Question 6

Patient has decreased level of TH shows puffy edematous lethargic face and eyes, dry rough skin dry sparse hair low BMR low body temp., constipation goiter weight gain and cold intolerance

Answer 6

Hypothyroidism

Question 7

Most common thyroid abnormality in women

Answer 7

Hypothyroidism

Question 8

Most common cause of hypothyroidism

Answer 8

Hashimotos thyroiditis (autoimmune)

Question 9

Oral findings of hypothyroidism

Answer 9

Delayed eruption
Retained milk teeth
Underdeveloped mandible
Macroglossia
Thickened lips

Question 10

Hypothyroidism in adults

Answer 10

Myxedema

Question 11

Hypothyroidism in children

Answer 11

Cretinism

Question 12

Excessive production of T3 and T4 resulting in weight loss nervousness hmtachycardia heat intolerance excessive sweating increased BMR goiter dirrhea EXOPTHALMOS osteoporosis tremors high temp

Answer 12

Hyperthyroidism

Question 13

Oral manifestations of hyperthyroidism

Answer 13

Premature loss of deciduous teeth and premature eruption of permanent teeth

Question 14

Classification of hyperthyroidism

Answer 14

Graves disease - diffuse toxic goiter

Plummers disease - toxic nodular goiter

Question 15

Which drug is contraindicated in a patient with uncontrolled hyperthyroidism

Answer 15

Epinephrine - thyroid crisis / storm

Question 16

Insufficient production of PTH or inability to nake functioning PTH can be congenital iatrogenic or autoimmune resulting in hypocalcemja, tetany, metabolic alkalosis

Answer 16

Hypoparathyroidism

Question 17

Oral manifestation of hypoparathyroidism

Answer 17

Pitting enamel hypoplasia
Blunted root apices
Delayed eruption

Question 18

Excessive PTH affecting females older than 60yrs age causing stones bones moans and groans

Answer 18

Hyperparathyroidism

Question 19

Meaning of bones stones moans and groans

Answer 19

Bones: bone pain, patho fractures

Moans: confusion depression fatigue memory loss

Groans: constipation nausea abdominal pain decreased appetite peptic ulcers

Stones: kidney stones frequent urination

Question 20

Oral manifestations of hyperparathyroidism

Answer 20

Generalised loss of lamina dura, loose teeth, malocclusion, cortical thinning, alterations of trabeculae giving GROUND GLASS APP

Question 21

Brown tumor?

Answer 21

Well defined cystic radiolucency
Can be unilocular or multilocular
Commonly in hyperparathyroidism

Question 22

Inherited metabolic bone disease in which alkaline phosphatase deficiency that causes calcification of bones, premature loss of pri teeth resulting from hypo or aplasia of cementum

Answer 22

Hypophosphatasia

Question 23

Deficiency of vitamin D in adults causing softening of bone

Answer 23

Osteomalacia

Question 24

Deficiency of vitamin D and increase of alkaline phosphatase before epiphyseal closure

Answer 24

Rickets - osteomalacia in children

Question 25

Oral manifestations of rickets

Answer 25

Delayed eruption Malocclusion High carious rate Teeth hypo mineralization

Question 26

Weakening of bone due to loss of calcium and phosphorus, increasing the risk of bone fractures in females

Answer 26

Osteoporosis

Question 27

Most common metabolic bone disorder

Answer 27

Osteoporosis

Question 28

Function of estrogen

Answer 28

Inbiting bone resorbing cytokine synthesis Increase in osteoclasts apoptosis

Question 29

MOA of bisphosphonates

Answer 29

Impairment of osteoclasts Decreasing osteoclastic ability to resorb and degrade the bone

Question 30

Inherited bone disease in which bone density is increased due to reduced osteoclastic activity

Answer 30

Osteopetrosis

Question 31

Dental findings in osteopetrosis

Answer 31

Delayed eruption, congenitally absent teeth, unerupted or malformed teeth with enamel hypoplasia Osteomyelitis- increase chances due to diminished bone vascularity followed by low host response

Question 32

Inherited disorder characterized by osteopenia,bone fragility due to mutation in type 1 collagen that results in fragile bones, blue sclera, joint hyper extensibility, hearing loss and dentinogenesis imperfecta

Answer 32

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Question 33

Dental findings of osteogenesis imperfecta

Answer 33

Teeth with blue or brown translucence Bulbous crowns Short roots Pulpal obliterations Severe attrition

Question 34

Abnormal resorption and deposition of bone results in skeletal distortion and weakening in makes over the age of 50

Answer 34

Paget’s disease

Question 35

Features of pagets disease

Answer 35

Elevated skin temp over the affected bone Headache Auditory or visual disturbances Facial paralysis Vertigo

Question 36

Oral manifestations of pagets disease

Answer 36

Maxilla Denture doesnt fit anymore Bilateral symmetric jaw enlargement Acquired diastemas Loosening of teeth Flattening of palate Hypercementosis obliteration of PDL resorption of root

Question 37

COTTON WOOL APP, mosaic patter due to multinucleated osteoclast cells and osteoblast cells, high serum alkaline phosphatase

Answer 37

Paget’s disease

Question 38

Malignant transformation into osteosarcoma may occure in

Answer 38

Paget’s disease

Question 39

Rare autosomal dominant condition affects mandible of children by 5 years of age that give then a chubby cheeks app and the eyes are upturned to heaven due to orbital walls tilting the eyeballs upward

Answer 39

Cherubism

Question 40

Oral manifestations of cherubism

Answer 40

Mandible affected more than maxilla Lesions in angles ascending rami and coronoid process Obliterated tuberosities and palatal vault All 4 quads involved painless bony expansion Speech difficulty Vision hearing loss Upper airway obstruction Tooth displacement Tooth mobility Ectopic eruption Failure of tooth eruption

Question 41

Multiple well defined multilocular radiolucencies of the jaws giving SOAP BUBBLE app with max antrum obliteration

Answer 41

Cherubism