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ATPL 2nd semester > MET PRT01 > Flashcards

MET PRT01 Flashcards

1
Q

The atmosphere is defined

A

a collection of gasses surrounding the earth held by gravity

constant up to 60 km

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2
Q

Gasses in the atmosphere

A

78% nitrogen 21% oxygen 0.95% argon

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3
Q

Troposphere is

A

poles: 8km
Avg: 11 km (45 lat)
Equator: 16

Temp defines tropopause height

upper boundry tropopause

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4
Q

Tropopause folds

A

40 N/S
55 N/S (polarfront)
60/70 N/S

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5
Q

tropopause temp

A

Poles: -50
Equator: -80

Increase with LAT

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6
Q

Stratosphere extends

A

up to 50km

and contains Ozon (O3)

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7
Q

Max Ozon presense

A

around 20-25 km around +20 degress

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8
Q

The mesospere extends

A

80-90 km

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9
Q

The Ionosphere extends

A

Kennely: 110 km
Heavyside: 160 km
Appleton: 250 km

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10
Q

ISA extends to

A

32 km (100000 feet)

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11
Q

ISA temp decrease up to

A

11 km (-56.5c)

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12
Q

ISA temp increase at

A

20 km

Warmed by Ozon

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13
Q

Above the tropopause, how does temperature vary with increasing altitude in the ICAO standard atmosphere?

Select one:

a. At first it decreases and then higher up it remains constant
b. Continually increases
c. Continually decreases
d. Remains constant then increases

A

d. Remains constant then increases

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14
Q

Which is true of the temperature at the tropopause?

Select one:

a. There is no significant difference with change of latitude
b. It is highest in middle latitudes
c. It is colder in tropical regions than in polar regions
d. It is higher in equatorial regions than in Polar Regions

A

c. It is colder in tropical regions than in polar regions

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15
Q

In mid-latitudes the stratosphere extends on average from:

Select one:

a. 85 km to more than 200 km
b. 0 km to 11 km
c. 11 km to 50 km
d. 50 km to 85 km

A

c. 11 km to 50 km

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16
Q

Warmfront stretches

A

Stratiform clouds: 600 nm

Precipitaion: 200/300 nm (fine rain/drizzle possible snow)

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17
Q

Coldfront slope…

A

1:80

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18
Q

Coldfront stretches

A

slope: 100/200 nm
precipitation: 50/100 nm

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19
Q

Warmfron slope…

A

1:150

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20
Q

Pressure lapse rate (warm air)

A

Decreases

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21
Q

Pressure lapse rate (cold air)

A

increases

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22
Q

Pressure in the atmosphere drecreases at a

A

Decreasing rate

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23
Q

QFF is ….

A

the barometric pressure at a location corrected to MSL using the prevailing TEMPERATURE

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24
Q

Isobars are which Q values?

A

QFF

the barometric pressure at a location corrected to MSL using the prevailing TEMPERATURE

25
Q

A trough (isobaric trough) of low pressure is:

Select one:

a. A small low established within the circulation of another low.
b. An area where the pressure is lower than anywhere else in the area.

c. A centre of pressure
surrounded on all sides by higher pressure.

d. An extension or elongation of a low pressure system along an axis on each side of which pressure increases.

A

d. An extension or elongation of a low pressure system along an axis on each side of which pressure increases.

26
Q

The ICAO standard Atmosphere, assumes that the sea level atmospheric pressure is?

Select one:

a. 1013.25 hPa and decreases with an increase in height.
b. 1013.25 hPa and increases with an increase in height.
c. 1013.25 hPa and falls to about half this value at 30,000 ft.
d. 1013.25 hPa and decreases with an increase in height up to the tropopause. Above the tropopause it remains constant.

A

a. 1013.25 hPa and decreases with an increase in height.

Pressure decreases with height at a decreasing rate. This rate is modified by air temperature.

27
Q

What happens to the pressure at any given height above warm air compared to cold air?

Select one:

a. Greater
b. Depends on the pressure system.
c. Lower
d. The same.

A

a. Greater

28
Q

In the upper part of the stratosphere the temperature:

Select one:

a. is almost constant
b. decreases with altitude
c. increases with altitude
d. increases at first and decreases afterward

A

c. increases with altitude

Above the tropopause and within the lower part of the stratosphere (11 km to 20 km)the temperature remains constant. However, the upper part of the stratosphere (from 20 km), the temperature increases with height due to the absorption of UV rays by Ozone.

29
Q

In mid-latitudes the stratosphere extends on average from:

Select one:

a. 85 km to more than 200 km
b. 0 km to 11 km
c. 11 km to 50 km
d. 50 km to 85 km

A

c. 11 km to 50 km

30
Q

The tropopause in mid latitudes is:

Select one:

a. Lower in summer with a lower temperature.
b. Lower in winter with a higher temperature.
c. Lower in summer with a higher temperature.
d. Lower in winter with a lower temperature.

A

b. Lower in winter with a higher temperature.

Surface temperature controls tropopause height. Cold air will cause the tropopause to lower. The lower the tropopause the warmer is becomes.

31
Q

Which one of the following statements applies to the tropopause?

Select one:

a. It separates the troposphere from the stratosphere
b. It is, by definition, an isothermal layer
c. It is, by definition, a temperature inversion
d. It indicates a strong temperature lapse rate

A

a. It separates the troposphere from the stratosphere

32
Q

What is the most likely temperature, and height, at the polar tropopause?

Select one:

a. -75°C at 8 km
b. -56.5°C at 16 km
c. -25°C at 4 km
d. -40°C at 8 km

A

d. -40°C at 8 km

The polar tropopause is lower and warmer (6/8 km and -40°C) than the tropical tropopause (16-18 km and -75°C).

33
Q

Density is..

A

Mass pr unit volume

34
Q

at altitude, density ______ with latitude

A

Decreases

Due to pressure lapse rate being greater in cold air

35
Q

at the surface, density _____ with latitude

A

Increases

Due to temperature at the surface

36
Q

Density altitude formula…

A

Pressure altitude + (ISA dev x 118.8 ft)

37
Q

Density at the surface will be high when:

Select one:

a. Pressure is high and temperature is low.
b. Pressure is low and temperature is high.
c. Pressure is high and temperature is high.
d. Pressure is low and temperature is low

A

a. Pressure is high and temperature is low.

38
Q

Generally as altitude decreases:

Select one:

a. Temperature, pressure and density increase.
b. Temperature, pressure and density decrease.
c. Temperature decreases and density increases.
d. Temperature and pressure increase and density decreases.

A

a. Temperature, pressure and density increase.

39
Q

If the outside air temperature at a given altitude is colder than ISA, the density altitude will be:

Select one:

a. Lower than true altitude.
b. Higher than pressure altitude.
c. Lower than pressure altitude
d. The same as the pressure altitude

A

c. Lower than pressure altitude

If the air is colder, then the density will increase. This higher density corresponds to a lower altitude in ISA, therefore the density altitude decreases.

40
Q

At FL180 the air temperature is -35°C. The air density at this level is:

Select one:

a. equal to the density of the ISA at FL180
b. less than the density of the ISA at FL180
c. unable to be determined without the QNH
d. greater than the density of the ISA at FL180

A

d. greater than the density of the ISA at FL180

The air temperature is colder than normal, since ISA says the temperature should be -21. Therefore since it’s colder, the density will be greater than normal.

41
Q

Tropical revolving storms are generally known as….

A

Hurricanes, Cyclones or Typhoons

700 NM wide

42
Q

Subsidence is…

A

sinking air

43
Q

Warm anti-cyclones are found at….

areas of excess air aloft

A

The Hadley Cell (20 lat)

The Ferrel Cell (45 lat)

44
Q

Subtropical highs move

A

north in summer, and south in winter

45
Q

Cold anti-cyclones are found in ……

A

Siberia and North america, over large land areas.
Weaker can be found over the poles

This causes a slow divergence of cold air

46
Q

Temperary anti-cyclones moves…..

A

West to east

47
Q

subsidens inversions have this effect on visibility

A

Traps polluted air in the ‘Cold’ zone near the ground

48
Q

Ridges forms…

A

Outwards from the Cyclone, between two anti-cyklones!

49
Q

A COL is found

A

Between two highs, and two lows where the isobars are widely spread!

Summer: Thunder
Winter: Fog

50
Q

xtensive cloud and precipitation is often associated with a non frontal thermal depression because of :

Select one:

a. surface divergence and upper level convergence causing widespread ascent of air in the depression
b. surface convergence and upper level divergence causing widespread descent of air in the depression
c. surface divergence and upper level convergence causing widespread descent of air in the depression
d. surface convergence and upper level divergence causing widespread ascent of air in the depression

A

d. surface convergence and upper level divergence causing widespread ascent of air in the depression

Because the air rises it will expand and cool. If there is moisture present then vertical condensation will take place and vertical clouds will form. Vertically developed clouds are named “Cumulus” clouds.

51
Q

How do air masses move at a cold front?

Select one:

a. Cold air overrides a warm air mass
b. Warm air undercuts a cold air mass
c. Cold air undercuts the warm air
d. Warm air overrides a cold air mass

A

c. Cold air undercuts the warm air

The cold advances against the warm, but since it colder and therefore denser than the warm air, the cold air will slide under the warm air. This is called “undercutting”

52
Q

What weather can be expected in a small scale thermal depression or heat low?

Select one:

a. Active Cumulus clouds
b. No cloud
c. Thin high cloud
d. Thick layered cloud

A

a. Active Cumulus clouds CorrectThe vertically rising air cools and condenses to form vertical cloud

53
Q

With the approach of a typical polar front depression from the Atlantic, what sequence of fronts would you expect to observe on the western coasts of Europe?

Select one:

a. A warm front only
b. A cold front followed by a warm front
c. A cold front only
d. A warm front followed by a cold front

A

d. A warm front followed by a cold front

54
Q

Which cloud type is usually the first cloud to be observed with an approaching warm front?

Select one:

a. Nimbostratus
b. Cumulus
c. Cirrus or cirrostratus
d. Altostratus

A

c. Cirrus or cirrostratus

This is the cloud type found at the very top edge of the warm front. It is wispy. As the warm front approaches the cloud will eventually lower and thicken.

55
Q

A ridge of high pressure is generally associated with:

Select one:

a. Divergence at the surface causing an improvement in the surface visibility.
b. Subsidence of air, then divergence at the surface, causing clear skies and good weather.
c. Convergence at the surface causing increased cloud and precipitation.
d. Divergence at the surface causing cloud to break up and more precipitation.

A

b. Subsidence of air, then divergence at the surface, causing clear skies and good weather.

Because a ridge is simply an old shaped high pressure, it will hold the characteristics of normal high pressures.

56
Q

Where are you likely to find the strongest winds close to the ground?

Select one:

a. At the centre of a low-pressure system
b. At the centre of a high-pressure system
c. In the transition zone between two air masses
d. Where there is little variation in pressure over a large area during the winter months

A

a. At the centre of a low-pressure system

57
Q

Which of the following is common on a cold front but NOT on a warm front?

Select one:

a. Drizzle
b. Cumuliform cloud
c. Heavy rain
d. Stratus

A

b. Cumuliform cloud

Cold front tends to have cumuliform clouds embedded in the part of the cold front that curls back near the surface. These clouds produce showery precipitation. Cumulus cloud are very rarely found on warm fronts.

58
Q

In special circumstances, thermal depressions or heat lows found close to the equator can organise themselves and develop into an exceptionally hazardous weather phenomena called?

Select one:

a. Squal lines
b. Tropical Revolving Storms
c. Tornadoes
d. Anticyclones

A

b. Tropical Revolving Storms

ATPL 2nd semester (13 decks)

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