Mental health stages and understanding symptoms

Question 1

Mood states

Answer 1

1. Duration
2. Provocation
3. Modulation
4. Expression
5. Awareness

Question 2

what are disturbances in thinking?

Answer 2

1. Thought content: What is the youth thinking?
2. Thought process: How is the youth thinking?
3. Cognition: How is the youth processing information?

Question 3

What are the disturbances in thought content?

Answer 3

Content may be bizarre
Content may be out of touch with reality
Content may be excessively suspicious
Thoughts may be recurrent or bothersome
Thoughts may be difficult to control
Thoughts may be self-inflating or self-devaluing
Thoughts may include delusions (fixed, false beliefs), over valued ideas, paranoid ideation, magical thinking, grandiose ideas

Question 4

What are the disturbances in thought process?

Answer 4

Abnormalities in the quantity, speed, structure and orderliness of thoughts that are expressed in the way that the youth speaks.
Ideas may be illogically sequenced, disconnected, or jumbled together.
Youth may describe thoughts as moving too quickly or too slow

Question 5

what are the disturbances in cognition?

Answer 5

Attention - sustained focus
Memory - acquire, store and retrieve info
Executive functions - goal directed behaviour that allow us to execute tasks

Question 6

what are the disturbances in perception?

Answer 6

• impacts the 5 senses
• hearing, seeing, feeling, smelling or tasting things that do not exist; or perceiving them in an unusual or exaggerated way
• hallucinations
• illusions

Question 7

What are the disturbances in behaviour?

Answer 7

Behavioural disorganization can consist of the following symptoms:

restlessness
agitation
self-neglect
poor grooming
poor hygiene
meaningless frenetic activity
repetitive rhythmic gestures or movements
catanonia (extreme/excessive frenetic activity or severe diminution of activity)
abnormal movements

Question 8

What are the disturbances in mood/affect?

Answer 8

• positive event=positive mood
• negative event=negative mood
• mood disorder= disturbance in the regulation of mood
• linked to disturbances in other areas
• variety of mood states
• Commun disturbances of affect:
  restricted or constricted affect: mild reduction on the range and intensity in emotional expression
  inappropriate affect
  blunted affect: marked reduction in the intensity of emotional expression or reactivity
  flat affect: absence of any signs of affective expression or reactivity
  labile affect: repeated, rapid and abrupt shifts in affect from moment to moment
  withdrawn affect: emotionally distant, detached. difficult to connect with

Question 9

What are disturbances in signalling?

Answer 9

• refers to fight or flight
  -anxiety is hyperarousal

Question 10

What are disturbances in physical functions

Answer 10

• Mental illness can manifest in bodily symptoms.
  Body System Symptoms include:

neurologic system: headaches, sleep problems, dizziness….
cardiovascular system: palpitations, chest pain, fainting spells
respiratory system: shortness of breath, hyperventilation
gastrointestinal symptoms
endocrine system: sweating, hot flashes, restlessness or fatigue, cold hands, menstrual problems
urologic system: frequent urination
gynecologic system: abnormal menses, amenorrhea, painful intercourse