Disruptive Behaviour Disorders

Question 1

What are disruptive behaviours?

Answer 1

Disruptive behaviour is associated with difficulties in self-regulation of emotions and behaviour which can lead to the violation of others rights. Such as defiance, aggression, anti-social behaviour, and social maladjustment.

Question 2

What are explanations for behaviour?

Answer 2

• Genetics
• Temperament
• Deficits in executive functions
• Cognitive distortions
• Learned behaviour; societal models of aggression
• Immediate family environment
• Underactive Behavioural Inhibition System (BIS) - The BIS is a system produces anxiety in new situations that motivates human behaviour to avoid punishment
• Overactive Behavioural Activation System (BAS) The BAS is system that motivates human behaviour to respond to signals of reward

Question 3

what is Covert behaviour?

Answer 3

less social, more anxious, and more suspicious of others

Question 4

What is Overt behaviour?

Answer 4

negative, irritable, and resentful in their reactions to hostile situations

Question 5

What is Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)?

Answer 5

Children who display an age-inappropriate recurrent pattern of stubborn, hostile, and defiant behaviors

Question 6

What is the DSM-V criteria of ODD?

Answer 6

• Symptoms must occur 1/wk for at least 6 months
• Symptoms grouped into 3 categories:
  1. Angry/Irritable Mood
  2. Argumentative/Defiant Behaviour
  3. Vindictiveness
• Present at least 4 symptoms from any of the categories
• Ratings of: mild, moderate, severe

Question 7

What are developmental factors of ODD?

Answer 7

• Temperament
• Difficulty with parental separation when younger
• Developmental issues/delays in early years
• Lack of positive attachment

Question 8

What are learned factors of ODD?

Answer 8

• Excessive negative reinforcement from parent/caregiver…leads to a pattern of seeking this out to gain attention, care and concern.
• Permissive parenting resulting in constant fulfilling of demands

Question 9

What are environmental factors of ODD?

Answer 9

• Permissive parenting, when a parent too often and too easily gives in to the child’s demands
• Significant stress or a lack of predictable structure in the home or community environment

Question 10

What are specific risk factors of ODD?

Answer 10

• Abnormalities in prefrontal cortex
• Negative and inflexible temperament
• Child abuse and neglect; caregivers with similar temperament; lack of empathy
• Ineffective, inconsistent, punitive parenting
• Negative influence of peer group
• Community: high crime, low pro-social activities

Question 11

Youth with ODD

Answer 11

• May have difficulties with peers but more often behaviour is directed toward authority figures
• Have a very low frustration tolerance
• Have a compulsion to obstruct the rules
• Deliberately test the limits

Question 12

What is conduct disorder (CD)?

Answer 12

Children who display severe aggressive and antisocial acts involving inflicting pain on others or interfering with others’ rights.

Question 13

What are the DSM-V criteria for CD?

Answer 13

-Persistent pattern of behaviour
-Aggression to people and animals
-Destruction of property
-Serious violation of rules
-Deceitfulness or theft/Lack of conscience
-The disturbance in behaviour causes clinically significant impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning.

Question 14

What are the limited prosocial emotions?

Answer 14

-Lack of remorse or guilt
-Callous—lack of empathy
-Unconcerned about performance
-Shallow or deficient affect

Question 15

What are causes and contributing factors CD?

Answer 15

-Neurological disorder/damage
-A traumatic event/persistent trauma
-Genes
-Child abuse
-Past school failure
-Social problems
-Disadvantaged and maladaptive family and home factors can contribute

Question 16

ODD vs. CD

Answer 16

• ODD tend to react aggressively in response to a perceived threat
  -CD tend to be proactively aggressive
• CD is almost always preceded by ODD

Question 17

What is Co-Morbidity?

Answer 17

• Mood or anxiety disorders
• Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
• Substance abuse
• Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
• Learning problems
• Children or teens who are considered to have a difficult temperament are more likely to develop behaviour problem

Question 18

What are interventions?

Answer 18

• Change variables in the social environment
• Parent training
• Include multiple sources of observation and discussion with relevant informants
• Effective strategies include problem-solving skills training, social skills training, and empathy-building programs”

Question 19

What is the comprehensive 2-pronged approach?

Answer 19

1. Early intervention/prevention
2. Parent support training and CBT therapy