Mental Health Drugs Flashcards
Desipramine
Tricyclic antidepressant which selectively blocks the reuptake of NE by nerve terminals. Also can block alpha 1 receptors causing lightheadedness, decreased bp
Imipramine
Tricyclic antidepressant which blocks the reuptake of NE and 5-HT by nerve terminals. Also can block alpha 1 receptors causing lightheadedness, decreased bp
Phenelzine
is a Monoamine oxidase inhibitor. It results in increased NE and 5HT as well as dopamine. Need a strict diet low in thyramine to prevent a hypertensive crisis.
Fluoxetine
(Prozac) Selective inhibition of serotonin reuptake by cns neurons, may have nausea, diarrhea and weight loss, as well as increase the rate of suicide.
Sertraline
(Zoloft) Selective inhibition of serotonin reuptake by cns neurons, may have nausea, diarrhea and weight loss, as well as increase the rate of suicide.
Citalopram
(Celexa) Seective inhibition of serotonin reuptake by cns neurons, may have nausea, diarrhea and weight loss, as well as increase the rate of suicide
Escitalopram
(Lexapro) Seective inhibition of serotonin reuptake by cns neurons, may have nausea, diarrhea and weight loss, as well as increase the rate of suicide
Venlafaxine
(Effexor) (drug he is on) selective serotonin and norepenipherine reuptake inhibitor. It blocks 5-HT like an SSRI, but also blocks NE reuptake. It is different from tricyclic antidepressants because it does not effect adrenergic, histaminergic or cholinergic receptors. With increasing doses, it affects, 5-HT, then NE, and finally DA too.
Desvenlafaxine
Desvenlafaxineb: is an active metabolite of venlafaxine, approved by the FDA in a once daily formulation for the treatment of adults with major depressive disorder. There is no evidence it is more effective than Venlafaxine
Lithium Carbonate
has no effect in normal subjects but in manic subjects it stabilizes mood with a theraputic effect lasting for 5-21 days. MOA is unknown, it is regularly absorbed by the GI and excreted by the kidney. With low sodium levels, the body will sequester Li.
Valproic Acid
is superior to lithium for rapid cycling bipolar. It works better for acute manic episodes than chronic management of bipolar disorder.
Carbamazepine
is an anticonvulsant approved by the FDA for prophylaxis of bipolar disorder.
Lurasidone
(latuda) is an atypical antipsychotic approved to treat bipolar depression in 2013. MOA: central D2 and 5-HT receptor antagonism seem to be involved.
Ketamine
is an injectable anesthetic which acts as an NMDA receptor antagonist. Single dose significantly improves symptoms of depression in treatment resistant depressed patients in less than 2 hours, lasting 1 week. Adverse effects include nightmares and hallucinations.
Clozapine
(clorazil) Original second generation antipsychotic which works the best. MOA: blocks D2 and 5-HT receptors. effective for both positive and negative symptoms, with no parkinson like symptoms(EPS), but in 1% of users they get life threatening adverse effect in agranulocytosis. No Tardive dyskinesia.
Chlorpromazine
Is a first generation antipsychotic which blocks all D2 receptors in the limbic system to be effective against positive symptoms. They block DA receptors everywhere in the brain and this leads to EPS (inability to sit, parkinsonism, and dystonias) and other adverse effects. Other receptors affected include muscarinic, adrenergic and histaminergic.
Haloperidol
Is a first generation antipsychotic which blocks all D2 receptors in the limbic system to be effective against positive symptoms. They block DA receptors everywhere in the brain and this leads to EPS (inability to sit, parkinsonism, and dystonias) and other adverse effects. Other receptors affected include muscarinic, adrenergic and histaminergic.
Risperidone
second generation antipsychotic which blocks D2 and 5-HT receptors to be effective for both positive and negative symptoms, with no parkinsons like symptoms. It is not the original clozapine so it is not as effective and also doesn’t have the risk for agranulocytosis.Tardive Dyskinesia and weight gain
Olanzapine
second generation antipsychotic which blocks D2 and 5-HT receptors to be effective for both positive and negative symptoms, with no parkinsons like symptoms. It is not the original clozapine so it is not as effective and also doesn’t have the risk for agranulocytosis. Tardive Dyskinesia and weight gain
Quetiapine
second generation antipsychotic which blocks D2 and 5-HT receptors to be effective for both positive and negative symptoms, with no parkinsons like symptoms. It is not the original clozapine so it is not as effective and also doesn’t have the risk for agranulocytosis. Tardive Dyskinesia and weight gain
Aripiprazole
second generation antipsychotic which blocks D2 and 5-HT receptors to be effective for both positive and negative symptoms, with no parkinsons like symptoms. It is not the original clozapine so it is not as effective and also doesn’t have the risk for agranulocytosis. Tardive Dyskinesia and weight gain, can be combined with an SSRI
Phenobarbital
half life is in days, slow metabolism, and excreted partially unchanged. It is the only barbituate that is selective anticonvulsant depression of all exciteable tissues by GABA mediated neuronal hyperpolarization
Pentobarbital
Short-intermediate acting barbituate, half life in hours, depends on rate of metabolism. lipid soluble to cause depression of all exciteable tissues by GABA mediated neuronal hyperpolarization
Thiopental
Ultra short acting barbituate half life is in minutes, is very lipid soluble, enters and leaves blood/ brain quickly. Rapid CNS depression. Redistribution to muscle and other sites is cause for termination of action. Depression of all exciteable tissues by GABA mediated neuronal hyperpolarization
Triazolam
Benzodiazepine used to treat insomnea. it functions by being a GABA receptor agonist
Flurazepam
benzodiazepine which functions by being a GABA receptor agonist. active metabolite half life of up to 50 hours
Alprazolam
Benzodiazepine used to treat anxiety, panic disorder and insomnea. it functions by being a GABA receptor agonist
Diazepam
is a preanesthetic benzodiazepine which functions by being a GABA receptor agonist.
Lorazepam
Benzodiazepine used to treat anxiety, anxiety with depression, and insomnia.Is a GABA receptor agonist.
Flumazenil
benzodiazapine antagonist. It is administered via IV, antagonizes sedation, empaired recall, impaired psychomotor function, and respiratory depression. Reverses effects of benzodiazepines, zolpidem, zapelon, but not barbituates or ethanol.
Zolpidem
(Ambien) interacts with benzodiazepine binding site on certain GABA A receptor subtypes. IT has rapid onset, short duration of action, and slow tolerance development.
Ramelteon
is an agonist at the melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptors in the brain’s suprachismatic nucleus, but has rates similar to placebo, no abuse potential and approved for long term in adults.
Propranolol
Is a beta blocker useful in treating chronic anxiety, panic attacks and debilitating anxiety, blocks autonomic signs and is less effective than benzodiazepines for anxiety and antidepressants for panic attacks
Melatonin
Is a dietary supplement not regulated by FDA, causes drowsiness and is involved in the circadian rhythm.
Buproprion
Dopamine- Norepinepherine reuptake inhibitor used as an adjuvant to another antidepressant treatment. It reverses the sexual side effects of SSRIs.
Mirtazapine
Increases synaptic levels of NE and 5-HT, and blocks post-synaptic seratonin receptor. Used for Major Depressive disorder and Anxiety, side effects are sedation and weight loss and very rarely agranulocytosis
