Mental Health Drugs

Question 1

Desipramine

Answer 1

Tricyclic antidepressant which selectively blocks the reuptake of NE by nerve terminals. Also can block alpha 1 receptors causing lightheadedness, decreased bp

Question 2

Imipramine

Answer 2

Tricyclic antidepressant which blocks the reuptake of NE and 5-HT by nerve terminals. Also can block alpha 1 receptors causing lightheadedness, decreased bp

Question 3

Phenelzine

Answer 3

is a Monoamine oxidase inhibitor. It results in increased NE and 5HT as well as dopamine. Need a strict diet low in thyramine to prevent a hypertensive crisis.

Question 4

Fluoxetine

Answer 4

(Prozac) Selective inhibition of serotonin reuptake by cns neurons, may have nausea, diarrhea and weight loss, as well as increase the rate of suicide.

Question 5

Sertraline

Answer 5

(Zoloft) Selective inhibition of serotonin reuptake by cns neurons, may have nausea, diarrhea and weight loss, as well as increase the rate of suicide.

Question 6

Citalopram

Answer 6

(Celexa) Seective inhibition of serotonin reuptake by cns neurons, may have nausea, diarrhea and weight loss, as well as increase the rate of suicide

Question 7

Escitalopram

Answer 7

(Lexapro) Seective inhibition of serotonin reuptake by cns neurons, may have nausea, diarrhea and weight loss, as well as increase the rate of suicide

Question 8

Venlafaxine

Answer 8

(Effexor) (drug he is on) selective serotonin and norepenipherine reuptake inhibitor. It blocks 5-HT like an SSRI, but also blocks NE reuptake. It is different from tricyclic antidepressants because it does not effect adrenergic, histaminergic or cholinergic receptors. With increasing doses, it affects, 5-HT, then NE, and finally DA too.

Question 9

Desvenlafaxine

Answer 9

Desvenlafaxineb: is an active metabolite of venlafaxine, approved by the FDA in a once daily formulation for the treatment of adults with major depressive disorder. There is no evidence it is more effective than Venlafaxine

Question 10

Lithium Carbonate

Answer 10

has no effect in normal subjects but in manic subjects it stabilizes mood with a theraputic effect lasting for 5-21 days. MOA is unknown, it is regularly absorbed by the GI and excreted by the kidney. With low sodium levels, the body will sequester Li.

Question 11

Valproic Acid

Answer 11

is superior to lithium for rapid cycling bipolar. It works better for acute manic episodes than chronic management of bipolar disorder.

Question 12

Carbamazepine

Answer 12

is an anticonvulsant approved by the FDA for prophylaxis of bipolar disorder.

Question 13

Lurasidone

Answer 13

(latuda) is an atypical antipsychotic approved to treat bipolar depression in 2013. MOA: central D2 and 5-HT receptor antagonism seem to be involved.

Question 14

Ketamine

Answer 14

is an injectable anesthetic which acts as an NMDA receptor antagonist. Single dose significantly improves symptoms of depression in treatment resistant depressed patients in less than 2 hours, lasting 1 week. Adverse effects include nightmares and hallucinations.

Question 15

Clozapine

Answer 15

(clorazil) Original second generation antipsychotic which works the best. MOA: blocks D2 and 5-HT receptors. effective for both positive and negative symptoms, with no parkinson like symptoms(EPS), but in 1% of users they get life threatening adverse effect in agranulocytosis. No Tardive dyskinesia.

Question 16

Chlorpromazine

Answer 16

Is a first generation antipsychotic which blocks all D2 receptors in the limbic system to be effective against positive symptoms. They block DA receptors everywhere in the brain and this leads to EPS (inability to sit, parkinsonism, and dystonias) and other adverse effects. Other receptors affected include muscarinic, adrenergic and histaminergic.

Question 17

Haloperidol

Answer 17

Is a first generation antipsychotic which blocks all D2 receptors in the limbic system to be effective against positive symptoms. They block DA receptors everywhere in the brain and this leads to EPS (inability to sit, parkinsonism, and dystonias) and other adverse effects. Other receptors affected include muscarinic, adrenergic and histaminergic.

Question 18

Risperidone

Answer 18

second generation antipsychotic which blocks D2 and 5-HT receptors to be effective for both positive and negative symptoms, with no parkinsons like symptoms. It is not the original clozapine so it is not as effective and also doesn’t have the risk for agranulocytosis.Tardive Dyskinesia and weight gain

Question 19

Olanzapine

Answer 19

second generation antipsychotic which blocks D2 and 5-HT receptors to be effective for both positive and negative symptoms, with no parkinsons like symptoms. It is not the original clozapine so it is not as effective and also doesn’t have the risk for agranulocytosis. Tardive Dyskinesia and weight gain

Question 20

Quetiapine

Answer 20

second generation antipsychotic which blocks D2 and 5-HT receptors to be effective for both positive and negative symptoms, with no parkinsons like symptoms. It is not the original clozapine so it is not as effective and also doesn’t have the risk for agranulocytosis. Tardive Dyskinesia and weight gain

Question 21

Aripiprazole

Answer 21

second generation antipsychotic which blocks D2 and 5-HT receptors to be effective for both positive and negative symptoms, with no parkinsons like symptoms. It is not the original clozapine so it is not as effective and also doesn’t have the risk for agranulocytosis. Tardive Dyskinesia and weight gain, can be combined with an SSRI

Question 22

Phenobarbital

Answer 22

half life is in days, slow metabolism, and excreted partially unchanged. It is the only barbituate that is selective anticonvulsant depression of all exciteable tissues by GABA mediated neuronal hyperpolarization

Question 23

Pentobarbital

Answer 23

Short-intermediate acting barbituate, half life in hours, depends on rate of metabolism. lipid soluble to cause depression of all exciteable tissues by GABA mediated neuronal hyperpolarization

Question 24

Thiopental

Answer 24

Ultra short acting barbituate half life is in minutes, is very lipid soluble, enters and leaves blood/ brain quickly. Rapid CNS depression. Redistribution to muscle and other sites is cause for termination of action. Depression of all exciteable tissues by GABA mediated neuronal hyperpolarization

Question 25

Triazolam

Answer 25

Benzodiazepine used to treat insomnea. it functions by being a GABA receptor agonist

Question 26

Flurazepam

Answer 26

benzodiazepine which functions by being a GABA receptor agonist. active metabolite half life of up to 50 hours

Question 27

Alprazolam

Answer 27

Benzodiazepine used to treat anxiety, panic disorder and insomnea. it functions by being a GABA receptor agonist

Question 28

Diazepam

Answer 28

is a preanesthetic benzodiazepine which functions by being a GABA receptor agonist.

Question 29

Lorazepam

Answer 29

Benzodiazepine used to treat anxiety, anxiety with depression, and insomnia.Is a GABA receptor agonist.

Question 30

Flumazenil

Answer 30

benzodiazapine antagonist. It is administered via IV, antagonizes sedation, empaired recall, impaired psychomotor function, and respiratory depression. Reverses effects of benzodiazepines, zolpidem, zapelon, but not barbituates or ethanol.

Question 31

Zolpidem

Answer 31

(Ambien) interacts with benzodiazepine binding site on certain GABA A receptor subtypes. IT has rapid onset, short duration of action, and slow tolerance development.

Question 32

Ramelteon

Answer 32

is an agonist at the melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptors in the brain’s suprachismatic nucleus, but has rates similar to placebo, no abuse potential and approved for long term in adults.

Question 33

Propranolol

Answer 33

Is a beta blocker useful in treating chronic anxiety, panic attacks and debilitating anxiety, blocks autonomic signs and is less effective than benzodiazepines for anxiety and antidepressants for panic attacks

Question 34

Melatonin

Answer 34

Is a dietary supplement not regulated by FDA, causes drowsiness and is involved in the circadian rhythm.

Question 35

Buproprion

Answer 35

Dopamine- Norepinepherine reuptake inhibitor used as an adjuvant to another antidepressant treatment. It reverses the sexual side effects of SSRIs.

Question 36

Mirtazapine

Answer 36

Increases synaptic levels of NE and 5-HT, and blocks post-synaptic seratonin receptor. Used for Major Depressive disorder and Anxiety, side effects are sedation and weight loss and very rarely agranulocytosis