Alcohol and Drug abuse

Question 1

Ethanol

Answer 1

central nervous system depressant. It is metabolized to acetylaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase, and to acetic acid by acetylaldehyde dehydrogenase has highest affinity for alcohol dehydrogenase.

Question 2

Methanol

Answer 2

Is toxic in 30 ml and blinding in 5ml.Causes severe acidosis, coma, death, and blindness from formation of formaldehyde and formic acid. Need to out-compete or block alcohol dehydrogenase to prevent toxicity.

Question 3

Ethylene Glycol

Answer 3

Antifreeze- cause of death is metabolic acidosis, cardiovascular dysfunction and acute kidney failure due to glycolic acid and oxalic acid, metabolites from ethylene glycol. Need to block alcohol dehydrogenase.

Question 4

Fomepizole

Answer 4

Inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase, useful in methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning.

Question 5

Disulfiram

Answer 5

(Antabuse)- inhibits acetylaldehyde dehydrogenase to cause severe hangover and sickness with any alcohol consumed.

Question 6

Naltrexone

Answer 6

is an orally administered opioid antagonsist for individuals trying to quit opioids. It is not to be confused with nalexone which is used for opioid overdose with the same MOA.