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Psychology (year 2) > Mental Health- Alternatives to the medical model > Flashcards

Mental Health- Alternatives to the medical model Flashcards

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1
Q

Behaviourist Explanation

Which kind of disorder can you apply behaviourism to?

Affective, Psychotic, Anxiety?

A

Anxiety disorders

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2
Q

Behaviourist Explanation

What are the DSM symptoms of disorders?

A
  • Person recognises it is ridiculous/ excessive
  • Stimulus triggers immediate repsonse
  • Avoiding stimulus affects every day routine

If under 18, have to have had consistent symptoms for 6 months

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3
Q

Behaviourist Explanation

What is Mowrer’s Two Process theory?

A

Used behaviourism to identify the initiation of phobias and their maintenance

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4
Q

Behaviourist Explanation

How does initiation of a phobia occur due to classical conditioning?

A
  • Neutral stimulus is associated with unpleasant experience- fear elicits conditional response
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5
Q

Behaviourist Explanation

How does maintenance of a phobia occur due to operant conditioning?

A

They’re maintained through negative reinforcement- stay away from object= a drop in anxiety levels

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6
Q

Behaviourist Explanation

How can the social learning theory be used to explain phobias?

A

Observing a role model who is acting scared= vicarious reinforcement
* adult may get attention from acting scared (positive outcome)= more likely to imitate anxious repsonse and gain attention

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7
Q

Cognitive Explanation

Which disorder does the cognitive explanation apply to?

A

Affective disorders (depression)

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8
Q

Cognitive Explanation

What is Beck’s cognitive triad?

A

Patients with depression make a series of cognitive errors- a pessimistic and irrational view that the patients hold about:
* The self- worthlessness feelings
* The future- negative future
* The world- negative situation

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9
Q

Cognitive Explanation

What is over-generalisation?

A

Viewing one unfortunate event as part of a never-ending defeat/ struggle

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10
Q

Cognitive Explanation

What is filtering?

A

Giving greater consideration and focus to negative aspects- ignoring positive ones

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11
Q

Cognitive Explanation

What is catastrophisation?

A

Make mountains out of mole hills- situation is worse than it actually is

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12
Q

Cognitive Explanation

What is dichotomous thinking?

A

All-or-nothing thinking- world viewed in black and white

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13
Q

Humanist Explanation

What are the assumptions of the humanist approach?

A
  • Individuals have freewill to determine their own good mental health through positive thinking/ self-actualisation
  • It rejects the reductionist ideas mental health problems are down to purely one factor
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14
Q

Humanist Explanation

What is Maslow’s Hierarchy?

A

A theory of what factors stimulate us to behave the way we do day to day- needs must be met for adequate function

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15
Q

Humanist Approach

Who is Carl Rogers?

A

Founder of the Humanist Approach

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16
Q

Humanist Approach

What is Carl Rogers most famous for agreeing with?

A

Maslow’s Hierarchy and self-actualisation

17
Q

Humanist Approach

What does self-actualisation mean?

A

Fulfillment of one’s potential - needing a supportive environment to reach

18
Q

Humanist Approach

What does self-conceptualisation?

A

How you view yourself

19
Q

Humanist Approach

How can Carl Roger’s theory be explained in relation to mental illness?

A

Someone who has a negative self-conceptualisation (depression) fails to reach self-actualisation

20
Q

Szasz

What is the general aim of Szasz’s research?

A

To challenge the concept of mental illness and reject the image of helpless patients, in terms of restricting their lives

21
Q

Humanist Approach

What Szasz claim about mental health as a medical or legal concept?

A

Regular changes in what constitutes a mental illness demonstartes that mental illness is just a made-up conceptthat can be changed when society deems it necessary to redefine ‘abnormal behaviour’

e.g. homosexuality

22
Q

Humanist Approach

What did Szasz argue about how mental illness is a metaphor?

A

‘Mental Health’ conditions are being used to explain symptoms/ behaviours that are likely due to other medical (bodily) illnesses that have been missed

23
Q

Humanist Approach

What did Szasz say about how mental illness is in the eye of the holder?

A

The definition of ‘mental illness’ is too subjective to diagnose reliably (consistently)

24
Q

Humanist Approach

What did Szasz claim about having an illness does not make someone into a patient

A

Medicine has replaced religion as a means to justify state sanctioned, coercive (forced) tretament

Psychology (year 2) (13 decks)

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