mental health Flashcards
what are the three things that characterises generalised anxiety disorder?
long lasting (most days for at least 6 months)
not controllable
causing significant distress / impairment in function
what is the first line treatment for generalised anxiety disorder?
CBT
what is the pharmacological treatment for generalised anxiety disorder?
first line SSRI: sertraline
SNRI e.g. duloxetine
what are the 4 characteristics of PTSD?
H: hyperarousal - persistently heightened perception of current threat
A: avoidance - of certain situations / activities
R: re experience - of traumatic events, intrusive memories, flashbacks or nightmares
D: distress - strong overwhelming fear and physical sensations when re experiencing
what is the management of PTSD?
trauma focused CBT
eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing therapy
pharmacological - SSRI or venlafaxine
what is the risk of using an SSRI with an NSAID?
GI bleed
if a pt is on an NSAID and SSRI what should be started?
a PPI
what is the most common side effect of atypical antipsychotics?
weight gain
what is the timeframe difference between mania and hypomania?
hypomania < 7 days
mania > 7 days
what is the difference in presentation between mania and hypomania?
mania has psychotic symptoms and hypomania does not
when in alcohol withdrawal are seizures seen?
36 hrs
when in alcohol withdrawal is delirium tremens seen?
72 hrs
what is somatisation disorder?
when a person experiences distress due to a variety of symptoms w/ no identifiable cause
what is tangentiality?
wandering from a topic without returning to it?
what is cotard syndrome?
the pt thinks they / part of them are dead
what is circumstantiality?
the question is finally answered but w/ lots of unnecessary / irrelevant detail
how long after symptom remission should anti depressants be continued for?
6 months after symptom remission
what is the characteristic feature of schizotypal personalty disorder?
lack of close friends
what is the risk of prescribing someone who is on SSRIs a triptan?
serotonin syndrome
what is the management of mania / hypomania in pts taking antidepressants?
start an antipsychotic and stop the antidepressant
what is Charles bonnet syndrome?
recurrent complex hallucinations usually visual or auditory
insight is usually preserved
what ophthalmological condition is assoc w/ Charles bonnet syndrome?
age related macular degeneration
what drug class is the first line treatment for schizophrenia?
atypical antipsychotics
what is a common side effect of atypical antipsychotics?
weight gain
what is a good prognostic indicator for schizophrenia?
gradual onset of symptoms
what are the extrapyramidal side effects?
Parkinsonism
tardive dyskinesia
acute dystonia
akathisia
what is tardive dyskinesia?
abnormal involuntary movements
usually chewing and pouting of the jaw
what is acute dystonia?
sustained muscle contraction
what is akathisia?
severe restlessness
what is the risk of giving an SSRI and triptan at the same time?
serotonin syndrome
how does emotionally unstable personality disorder present?
pts acting impulsively due to disturbances of self image and fear of abandonment
pts tend to have mood swings and intense relationships and history of self harm or attempted suicide
what is the management of pts presenting w/ alcohol withdrawal?
long acting bentos such as chlorinediazepoxide or diazepam
what is the treatment for personality disorders?
dialectical behaviour therapy
