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finals > child health > Flashcards

child health Flashcards

1
Q

how does hand foot and mouth present?

A

mild systemic upset, oral ulcers followed by vesicles on palms and soles

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2
Q

what is hand foot and mouth caused by?

A

coxsakie A16

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3
Q

how does transient tachypnoea of the new born present?

A

hyperinflation and fluid in the horizontal fissure of the lung

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4
Q

when do most children walk unsupported and when should you refer?

A

most walk unsupported by 13-15 months

refer at 18 months

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5
Q

what does hand preference in a child <12 months potentially indicate?

A

cerebral palsy

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6
Q

what is the importance of giving a one off dose of IM vit k shortly after birth?

A

prevent haemorrhagic disease of the newborn

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7
Q

what causes ebsteins anomaly?

A

the use of lithium in pregnancy

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8
Q

how does ebsteins anomaly present?

A

tricuspid regurgitation
tricuspid stenosis
enlargement of R ventricle

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9
Q

when does tetrallogy of fallot typically present?

A

1-2 months

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10
Q

what is the pharmacological treatment for bed wetting?

A

desmopressin

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11
Q

what is neuroblastoma?

A

malignant tumour that arises from neural crest tissue of adrenal medulla and sympathetic nervous system

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12
Q

how does neuroblastoma present?

A

~20 months w/ abdo mass, weight loss, pallor and bone pain

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13
Q

what is the management of patent ductus arteriosis if there are no other congenital heart defects?

A

indomethacin to neonate in the post natal period

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14
Q

what is an effective treatment for head lice that does not include an insecticide?

A

wet combing

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15
Q

what is the management of a neonate w/ blood glucose <1mmol/l or any blood glucose w/ symptoms of hypoglycaemia?

A

IV dextrose

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16
Q

what is caput succedaneum?

A

puffy swelling that usually occurs over presenting part and crosses the suture lines

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17
Q

what can be used as a rescue medicine for recurrent febrile seizures?

A

rectal / buccal diazepam or midazolam

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18
Q

when should undescended testes be referred to a surgeon?

A

watch and wait until 3 months
seen by a surgeon before 6 months

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19
Q

give 3 complications of undescended testes?

A

torsion
infertility
testicular cancer

20
Q

under which age can pts not refuse treatment?

A

<16 cannot refuse treatment

21
Q

what is the first line ADHD medication?

A

methylphenidate (aka ritalin)

22
Q

what is used to screen newborns for hearing loss?

A

automated otoacoustic emission test

23
Q

explain the male to male transmission of X linked conditions?

A

there is no male to male transmission

24
Q

what is the investigation of choice for intussusception?

A

US

25
Q

explain the inheritance of mitochondrial disease?

A

affected males CANNOT pass it onto their children

affected females will pass it onto ALL of their children

all individuals who inherit the affected mitochondria will be affected

26
Q

what is the characteristic presentation of juvenile idiopathic arthritis?

A

characteristic salmon pink rash

27
Q

give one complication of CF?

A

diabetes mellitus

28
Q

what is the most common cause of ambiguous genitalia in newborns?

A

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

29
Q

how does biliary atresia present?

A

in the first few wks of life w/ jaundice, appetite and growth disturbance

30
Q

what is the characteristic finding in biliary atresia?

A

abnormally high conjugated bilirubin

31
Q

what is a common presentation of Hirschsprung’s disease?

A

failure to pass meconium

32
Q

what condition is Hirschsprung’s disease assoc w/?

A

downs syndrome

33
Q

what is the management of meningitis in children <3 months?

A

IV amoxicillin and ceftrazone

34
Q

what are the investigations for any infant <3 months old w/ fever?

A

FBC
blood culture
CRP
urine testing for UTI
CXR if resp signs
stool culture if diarrhoea

35
Q

can children <13 consent to sex?

A

no

36
Q

when should a child have palmar grasp?

A

6 months

37
Q

when should a child be able to pass an object from one hand to another?

A

6 months

38
Q

when should a child be able to point w/ their finger?

A

9 months

39
Q

when should a child have a good pincer grip?

A

12 months

40
Q

when should a child be able to draw a scribble?

A

18 months

41
Q

when should a child be able to draw a vertical line?

A

2 yrs

42
Q

when should a child be able to smile and when should you refer?

A

be able to smile at 6 wks

refer at 10 wks

43
Q

when should a child have good head control?

A

3 months

44
Q

when should a child be able to sit w/out support and when should you refer?

A

7-8 months

refer at 12 months

45
Q

when should a child pull to stand and crawl?

A

9 months

46
Q

when should a child be able to cruise and walk w/ one hand held?

A

12 months

47
Q
A

finals (25 decks)

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