child health

Question 1

how does hand foot and mouth present?

Answer 1

mild systemic upset, oral ulcers followed by vesicles on palms and soles

Question 2

what is hand foot and mouth caused by?

Answer 2

coxsakie A16

Question 3

how does transient tachypnoea of the new born present?

Answer 3

hyperinflation and fluid in the horizontal fissure of the lung

Question 4

when do most children walk unsupported and when should you refer?

Answer 4

most walk unsupported by 13-15 months

refer at 18 months

Question 5

what does hand preference in a child <12 months potentially indicate?

Answer 5

cerebral palsy

Question 6

what is the importance of giving a one off dose of IM vit k shortly after birth?

Answer 6

prevent haemorrhagic disease of the newborn

Question 7

what causes ebsteins anomaly?

Answer 7

the use of lithium in pregnancy

Question 8

how does ebsteins anomaly present?

Answer 8

tricuspid regurgitation
tricuspid stenosis
enlargement of R ventricle

Question 9

when does tetrallogy of fallot typically present?

Answer 9

1-2 months

Question 10

what is the pharmacological treatment for bed wetting?

Answer 10

desmopressin

Question 11

what is neuroblastoma?

Answer 11

malignant tumour that arises from neural crest tissue of adrenal medulla and sympathetic nervous system

Question 12

how does neuroblastoma present?

Answer 12

~20 months w/ abdo mass, weight loss, pallor and bone pain

Question 13

what is the management of patent ductus arteriosis if there are no other congenital heart defects?

Answer 13

indomethacin to neonate in the post natal period

Question 14

what is an effective treatment for head lice that does not include an insecticide?

Answer 14

wet combing

Question 15

what is the management of a neonate w/ blood glucose <1mmol/l or any blood glucose w/ symptoms of hypoglycaemia?

Answer 15

IV dextrose

Question 16

what is caput succedaneum?

Answer 16

puffy swelling that usually occurs over presenting part and crosses the suture lines

Question 17

what can be used as a rescue medicine for recurrent febrile seizures?

Answer 17

rectal / buccal diazepam or midazolam

Question 18

when should undescended testes be referred to a surgeon?

Answer 18

watch and wait until 3 months
seen by a surgeon before 6 months

Question 19

give 3 complications of undescended testes?

Answer 19

torsion
infertility
testicular cancer

Question 20

under which age can pts not refuse treatment?

Answer 20

<16 cannot refuse treatment

Question 21

what is the first line ADHD medication?

Answer 21

methylphenidate (aka ritalin)

Question 22

what is used to screen newborns for hearing loss?

Answer 22

automated otoacoustic emission test

Question 23

explain the male to male transmission of X linked conditions?

Answer 23

there is no male to male transmission

Question 24

what is the investigation of choice for intussusception?

Answer 24

US

Question 25

explain the inheritance of mitochondrial disease?

Answer 25

affected males CANNOT pass it onto their children affected females will pass it onto ALL of their children all individuals who inherit the affected mitochondria will be affected

Question 26

what is the characteristic presentation of juvenile idiopathic arthritis?

Answer 26

characteristic salmon pink rash

Question 27

give one complication of CF?

Answer 27

diabetes mellitus

Question 28

what is the most common cause of ambiguous genitalia in newborns?

Answer 28

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Question 29

how does biliary atresia present?

Answer 29

in the first few wks of life w/ jaundice, appetite and growth disturbance

Question 30

what is the characteristic finding in biliary atresia?

Answer 30

abnormally high conjugated bilirubin

Question 31

what is a common presentation of Hirschsprung's disease?

Answer 31

failure to pass meconium

Question 32

what condition is Hirschsprung's disease assoc w/?

Answer 32

downs syndrome

Question 33

what is the management of meningitis in children <3 months?

Answer 33

IV amoxicillin and ceftrazone

Question 34

what are the investigations for any infant <3 months old w/ fever?

Answer 34

FBC blood culture CRP urine testing for UTI CXR if resp signs stool culture if diarrhoea

Question 35

can children <13 consent to sex?

Answer 35

no

Question 36

when should a child have palmar grasp?

Answer 36

6 months

Question 37

when should a child be able to pass an object from one hand to another?

Answer 37

6 months

Question 38

when should a child be able to point w/ their finger?

Answer 38

9 months

Question 39

when should a child have a good pincer grip?

Answer 39

12 months

Question 40

when should a child be able to draw a scribble?

Answer 40

18 months

Question 41

when should a child be able to draw a vertical line?

Answer 41

2 yrs

Question 42

when should a child be able to smile and when should you refer?

Answer 42

be able to smile at 6 wks refer at 10 wks

Question 43

when should a child have good head control?

Answer 43

3 months

Question 44

when should a child be able to sit w/out support and when should you refer?

Answer 44

7-8 months refer at 12 months

Question 45

when should a child pull to stand and crawl?

Answer 45

9 months

Question 46

when should a child be able to cruise and walk w/ one hand held?

Answer 46

12 months