child health Flashcards
how does hand foot and mouth present?
mild systemic upset, oral ulcers followed by vesicles on palms and soles
what is hand foot and mouth caused by?
coxsakie A16
how does transient tachypnoea of the new born present?
hyperinflation and fluid in the horizontal fissure of the lung
when do most children walk unsupported and when should you refer?
most walk unsupported by 13-15 months
refer at 18 months
what does hand preference in a child <12 months potentially indicate?
cerebral palsy
what is the importance of giving a one off dose of IM vit k shortly after birth?
prevent haemorrhagic disease of the newborn
what causes ebsteins anomaly?
the use of lithium in pregnancy
how does ebsteins anomaly present?
tricuspid regurgitation
tricuspid stenosis
enlargement of R ventricle
when does tetrallogy of fallot typically present?
1-2 months
what is the pharmacological treatment for bed wetting?
desmopressin
what is neuroblastoma?
malignant tumour that arises from neural crest tissue of adrenal medulla and sympathetic nervous system
how does neuroblastoma present?
~20 months w/ abdo mass, weight loss, pallor and bone pain
what is the management of patent ductus arteriosis if there are no other congenital heart defects?
indomethacin to neonate in the post natal period
what is an effective treatment for head lice that does not include an insecticide?
wet combing
what is the management of a neonate w/ blood glucose <1mmol/l or any blood glucose w/ symptoms of hypoglycaemia?
IV dextrose
what is caput succedaneum?
puffy swelling that usually occurs over presenting part and crosses the suture lines
what can be used as a rescue medicine for recurrent febrile seizures?
rectal / buccal diazepam or midazolam
when should undescended testes be referred to a surgeon?
watch and wait until 3 months
seen by a surgeon before 6 months
give 3 complications of undescended testes?
torsion
infertility
testicular cancer
under which age can pts not refuse treatment?
<16 cannot refuse treatment
what is the first line ADHD medication?
methylphenidate (aka ritalin)
what is used to screen newborns for hearing loss?
automated otoacoustic emission test
explain the male to male transmission of X linked conditions?
there is no male to male transmission
what is the investigation of choice for intussusception?
US
explain the inheritance of mitochondrial disease?
affected males CANNOT pass it onto their children
affected females will pass it onto ALL of their children
all individuals who inherit the affected mitochondria will be affected
what is the characteristic presentation of juvenile idiopathic arthritis?
characteristic salmon pink rash
give one complication of CF?
diabetes mellitus
what is the most common cause of ambiguous genitalia in newborns?
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
how does biliary atresia present?
in the first few wks of life w/ jaundice, appetite and growth disturbance
what is the characteristic finding in biliary atresia?
abnormally high conjugated bilirubin
what is a common presentation of Hirschsprung’s disease?
failure to pass meconium
what condition is Hirschsprung’s disease assoc w/?
downs syndrome
what is the management of meningitis in children <3 months?
IV amoxicillin and ceftrazone
what are the investigations for any infant <3 months old w/ fever?
FBC
blood culture
CRP
urine testing for UTI
CXR if resp signs
stool culture if diarrhoea
can children <13 consent to sex?
no
when should a child have palmar grasp?
6 months
when should a child be able to pass an object from one hand to another?
6 months
when should a child be able to point w/ their finger?
9 months
when should a child have a good pincer grip?
12 months
when should a child be able to draw a scribble?
18 months
when should a child be able to draw a vertical line?
2 yrs
when should a child be able to smile and when should you refer?
be able to smile at 6 wks
refer at 10 wks
when should a child have good head control?
3 months
when should a child be able to sit w/out support and when should you refer?
7-8 months
refer at 12 months
when should a child pull to stand and crawl?
9 months
when should a child be able to cruise and walk w/ one hand held?
12 months
