Mental Disorders Part B Flashcards
what are the 2 categories within social control of mental disorders?
- medicalization
- stigmatization
what is stigmatization?
becoming an outsider
what is medicalization?
defined, diagnosed, and treated within medical framework
what is the evolution of medicalization of mental disorder?
- religious and spiritual rituals
- prisons and madhouses
- asylums
- psych institutions
- community treatment
who discussed the growth of the asylum?
Edward Shorter
where was the asylum located and what treatment did they use?
St Mary Bethleham Hospital
- ice water shock
- lobotomies
what is the definition of mental disorders
mental illnesses -> a mental, behavior or emotional disorder
serious mental illness -> resulting a serious functional impairment
true or false - the term for the number of new diagnoses per year is called prevalance
false - it is called incidences
define prevalance
who has it right now
__% of adults have a mental disorder in any given year
20
by the age of ___ , ____ (how many canadians) have had a mental disorder
40 ; half of canadians
by the age of 90, __ - ___% will have had a mental disorder
65-70%
what are the 3 most common mental disorders
mood/anxiety
substance abuse
cognitive impairment
what do schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder , BPD and depression all have in common
they are all psychotic disorders
define psychosis
loss of touch with reality
what are the three symptoms of psychosis
hallucinations, delusion and disordered speech and behavior
differentiate between hallucinations and delusions
hallucinations affect our senses and delusions are just faulty thinkingwh
what are the most common hallucinations
auditory and visual
what are the two types of delusions we talked about in class
paranoid and delusions of grandeur
match the example to the associated term
you think you are one of jesus’ disciples
delusion of grandeur
what are the criteria for schizophrenia
- same as psychosis symptoms (hallucinations, delusions and disorganized speech)
- positive symptoms -> they are there when they should not be
- continuous disturbance for 6 months
what did the video of Quentin in winter video tell us
had auditory and visual delusions
-> save his father from the sun, red car and red flower connected to one of his family dying, touching the fish gives him superpowers
what is a theory as to why women might not be diagnosed with schizophrenia
estrogen may be protecting them
______ accounts for 50% of the risk of mental disorders
genetics
what is the best way to test the effects of genetics on mental disorders
twin studies
how does twin studies help with understanding the genetics behind mental disorders
when you take identical twins, they have 100% shared genetic material and if the disease is genetic then if one twin has, so will the other
what is the prevalance of schizphrenia
less than 1%
if the mother has schizphrenia, it is __% likely that the daughter will get it but only __% if the father has it
12 ; 10
what are some of the predispositions for psychosis (other than genetics, biological and psychological)
maternal nutrition, viral infection, perinatal complications , exposure to toxins and stress
true or false - women who immigrate are at lower risk for psychosis
false - at a higher risk
true or false - mothers who experience death of a close relative during the first two trimesters are more vulnerable to psychosis
false - only during first trimester
what are the medical conditions that could make people vulnerable to affective disorders
neurological conditions such as huntingtons and parkinsons
what are some predisposed factors for affective disorders
genetics, gender, age, abuse, loss and rejection, stress and substance abuse
true or false - younger people are more vulnerable to affective disorders
true
alexander leighton said there are certain factors that can cause individual stress, what are they, name a couple
need for physical security, sexual satisfaction, love and security, recognition, creativity and sense of belonging to a group
_______ was higher in disintegrated communities
mental illness
what defined a community as disintegrated
history of disaster, extensive poverty, community that moved away from religion and rapid social change
what were the results of pearlin and colleagues experiment on depression rates and unemployment
people who did not develop depression
… compared themselves positively with others
not focused on economic or monetary achievements
high levels of emotional support
internal locus of control
define the social causation hypothesis
suggests that the cause of mental illness is due to society
define social selection hypothesis
suggests that mental illness leads to poverty
why did asylums grow?
- increase in illness
- poorhouses and workhouses closing
- overrun jails
- growing intolerance of madness within family/community
- asylum as more humane environment for the ill
- capitalism
- growing legitimacy of medicine/psych
why was deinstitutionalization introduced?
- civil libertarianism
- new anti-psychotic meds
- promise of community mental health services: keep the costs low while still caring for patients
- political-economic influences: cut the costs
did deinstitutionalization benefit society?
- no
poverty, homelessness, suicide, imprisonment, substance abuse, violence, family stress, victimization
what is the cost to individuals vs family/society when deinstitutionalizing?
- unemployment
- impaired parent-child bonding
- lost of tax revenue
what are the 4 requirements that make deinstitutionalization successful?
- supportive family network
- accepting community
- adequate community resources
- place to live
what is an alternative to involuntary hospitalization?
community treatment orders
what is the point of community treatment orders?
to address revolving door patients
- people who come in and out of the hospital bc of agnosia and so they stop taking meds
what is in community treatment orders?
- medico-legal provisions -> between the dr and legal law, contract stating the patient has to come in and see psych every 2 weeks and if they don’t then police can break in and force you back in
who defined stigma?
Erving Goffman
what was Goffman’s definition of stigma?
attribute that deeply discredits and characterizes the bearer as tainted and discounted
what is the summary of Crazy like us?
- the reason mental illness is stigmatized is because it is viewed that either you have the illness or you do not
- we created a group known as the “other”
- we all have nerves and if we are sick that means the nerves are off and it causes different levels of illness
what did Wolff state was one stigma around mental disorders?
cost-of-illness estimates reflect neg attitude
- workplaces are losing money bc workers arent working so those who work do not want to put themselves in same category as those who are viewed as a burden to society
what are those who have mental disorders labelled as?
- unpredictable
- violent
- avoiding life’s responsibilities
-> people with disorders are more at risk to self than others but the media presents it in a different manner causing stigmas
what does discrimination in healthcare contribute to?
- lack of funding for mental health
- some hospitals are nicely renovated while others look like a shit hole which shows the lack of funding (uofa hospital vs alberta hospital)
what are some books and headlines that represent stigma/metal health?
- headline: ill sweep psychos off the streets
- dr.jekyll and mr.hyde
- jane eyre
- to kill a mockingbird
- the yellow wallpaper
- one flew over the cuckoo’s nest
- ward no. 6
what are some methods to resist stigma?
- embedded within discrimination paradigm
- human rights legislation and policies
- self-help and advocacy groups
- public education
- stigma management techniques used by individuals
what are the 4 stigma management techniques?
- trying to pass -> hide it from everyone
- dividing their social worlds -> only tell some
- deflecting -> distance self from label
- challenging -> confront stigmatization
