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SOC 224 > Looking Deviant - Appearance > Flashcards

Looking Deviant - Appearance Flashcards

1
Q

what did Charles Cooley establish

A

the looking glass self

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2
Q

what are the 3 questions that arise from the looking glass self

A
  1. how do others see me
  2. how do others evaluate me based on what they see
  3. how does their evaluation make me feel about myself
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3
Q

what did George mead come up with

A

the I and me

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4
Q

differentiate between the I and me

A

I is a subject with power
me is a self as a object

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5
Q

true or false - we can see ourselves the way others do as early as birth

A

false - we can only do so when we have a developed self

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6
Q

when can we recognize ourselves

A

18 months

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7
Q

true or false - the self is heavily influenced by society

A

true

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8
Q

what are the 3 components of self

A

actual self
ideal self
ought to be self

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9
Q

who came up with the components of self

A

higgens

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10
Q

what are the 3 factors involved in our presentation of self on a daily

A

dramaturgical approach
impression management
front and backstage self

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11
Q

why is disability considered deviant

A

it is often because the behavior is deviant based on the conditions

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12
Q

what were the 2 examples of a eugenics movement

A
  1. in germany, anyone with a mental illness was killed by the Nazis
  2. anyone with a mental illness was sexually sterilized in Alberta
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13
Q

list the ways we can deal with stigma

A

impression management -> deflecting
medicalization -> seek doctors
peer support

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14
Q

what was one example we saw in class that relates to how societal reactions lead to what we call deviant

A

freak show woman -> hyperactive thyroid goiter

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15
Q

if you are skinny, you are ____
if you are fuller, you are _____

A

poor and wealthy

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16
Q

marilyn monroe encaptured what traits

A

voluptuous -> big breasts and full hips

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17
Q

what were the results of the facial attractiveness

A

people were asked to rate faces based on attractiveness
-> the faces that were considered the most attractive were the ones who lived the longest
-> the faces that were deemed ugly, had died earlier

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18
Q

name the theory that was based off the facial attractiveness experiment

A

good genes theory

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19
Q

what is the difference between what women and men look for in a partner

A

men want to pass down strong genes and in order to do that they must have a good genetic partner to make these children that will carry down these traits -> looking for a younger, healthier woman
women are looking for a more mature man

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20
Q

what makes a man “mature”

A

financial security, facial hair, etc…

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21
Q

describe the results of the two studies done by tu,gilbert and bono on the factors of hirability

A

first study -> the more attractive people got the job -> but they tended have better nonverbal communication
second study -> taught the group, considered less attractive, to be more positively nonverbal -> even though they were less attractive, they were hired based off nonverbal presence

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22
Q

true or false - attractive is the only factor that can influence hirability

A

false -> there are other major factors such as confidence that influence it

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23
Q

how do you calculate bmi

A

divide weight by height squared and multiply by 7.03

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24
Q

what BMI is considered under weight and overweight

A

under 18 and over 30

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25
Q

what is the approximate % of women and men that are overweight

A

60% for men and 45% for women

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26
Q

what % of population is underweight

A

2-3%

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27
Q

true or false - more adults are obese than children now

A

true

28
Q

true or false - the ideal body for men is a bit bigger than women

A

true

29
Q

what are the risk factors of obesity

A

hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers

30
Q

what are the risk factors of being underweight

A

decreased immunity, anorexia and bulimia

31
Q

what country in 2022 had an obesity rate of 30%

A

canada

32
Q

what is the strongest medioscientific understanding of obesity

A

genetics -> twin studies

33
Q

based on the endocrinology of obesity, what are some of the hormones mentioned

A

thyroid, cortisol, progesterone, testosterone and estrogen

34
Q

what is a neurochemical that is theorized to influence obesity , what is the theory

A

serotonin -> lower serotonin levels, higher cravings for carbs

35
Q

true or false - everyone who has obesity has low serotonin levels

A

false - not everyone

36
Q

what are some sociological reasons of obesity?

A
  • increased standard of living
  • all you can eat
  • drive thru restaurants
  • processed foods/fast food - cheaper than groceries
  • food pricing - poor quality diet is cheaper, low socioeconomic status have strong correlation with obesity
  • food ads - more TV watched leads to higher obesity
37
Q

how has the portrayal of female and male bodies changed over time?

A
  • F become thinner over time (Monroe vs Twiggy/ Playboy)
  • M more muscular yet leaner
38
Q

are media portrays attainable by all?

A
  • no bc portrayals are fictions that are attanable by few people
39
Q

what is the female ideal body shape vs male?

A

curvaceously thin vs v-shaped

40
Q

which gender is more likely to report dissatisfaction with the bodies and weight?

A

Women
- men can attain what their ideal is by working out but women want to be taller but they cant attain that through hard work

41
Q

who wrote The Vogue Factor and what was point of the book?

A
  • Kirstie Clements
  • critical of the industry
  • Hollywood is creating the unattainable figure and it is destroying women
  • models are taking up methods to keep the weight off and curbing the hunger (smoking, cotton balls, coke)
42
Q

why is the beauty and cosmetics industry wealthy?

A
  • 450 billion
  • we dont need any skin care, hair care, cosmetics, makeup
  • we consume it bc we are engaging in impression management
  • what is beautiful, is good
  • want to get to the ideal
43
Q

what are the 3 top cosmetic procedures in Canadians?

A
  • breast augmentation
  • liposuction
  • eyelid surgery
44
Q

why do we engage in impression management?

A

what is beautiful is good

45
Q

what do people most likely explain their behavior based on?

A
  • aesthetics (look younger- Botox)
  • individuality (uniqueness)
  • health-fit/muscular - psychological well-being
46
Q

who described “doing gender”?

A

west and zimmerman

47
Q

what is “doing gender”?

A
  • individuals are doing gender, gender is heavily informed by culture
  • western emphasis
    women undergo surgery and get ready doing gender - petite woman
  • subscribing to what it means to be a woman
  • strong man
48
Q

physical attractiveness = ?

A

currency
power
health/vitality/sexual

49
Q

what is the problem with society valuing health/youthfulness?

A
  • ageism
    society does not celebrate aging esp in women
  • decrease sexual aging/currency (form of power)
50
Q

what is associated with existential anxiety?

A
  • fear of irrelevance
  • with age comes death and reminder of our own death and we are trying to avoid it
51
Q

what did Margaret Atwood do?

A
  • created The Victory Burlesk
  • woman came out on stage and walked backwards and disrobed and turned around it was a 60 yr old lady not the 20 yr old that they thought
  • she was exposed and humiliated and saw that society did not value the aging body
52
Q

what are the three interactionist theories?

A
  • looking glass self (cooley)
  • I and Me (Mead)
  • impression management (Goffman)
53
Q

what is the point of the interactionist theorizing?

A

helps us understand why we spend so much time in the industry

54
Q

what is one perspective within critical theorizing?

A

political economic

55
Q

what does capitalism require?

A

continual development of new markets, expanded markets and consumerism

56
Q

what is an example of capitalism in the beauty industry?

A

ads on wrinkle cream, they do not say that wrinkles are ugly bc we assume that we know already and want to get younger
- starts with an assumption we all understand and want to rid of them

57
Q

what is the private industries motive?

A

profit

58
Q

what is the Sisyphean exercise and compare it to the beauty industry?

A
  • he got the boulder to the pinnacle of the hill and it fell back down and its a vicious cycle
  • we are never able to get to the top and get the full satisfaction (keep getting procedures or buying new products - tons of money spent)
59
Q

what are some critiques of the industry?

A
  • ageism, racism, classism
  • need money to achieve
  • Nelly Furtado- white in magazines (whitewashing)
  • “even she doesn’t look like that” - Dove campaign - all bodies are beautiful except….
60
Q

how does the marketing industry portray/target men?

A
  • GI Joe dolls - biceps are double
  • Mens health magazine - more cosmetic procedures, grey hair, men’s toiletries and aesthetic service
61
Q

what does a Playgirl look like?

A

12 pounds less fat
25 pounds more muscle

62
Q

what occurred between 80s and 90s?

A

more divoces meaning more single mens who were self-conscious about their looks so they invested more in products and surgeries

63
Q

in the 80/90s who were the ads targetting?

A
  • working class
  • trendies
  • pleasure-seekers
  • moralists
64
Q

who gave big money to the beauty industry?

A

the gays
- most often did not have children so they invested more money
- mani/pedi
- cosmetic surgeries but were stigmatized for getting them

65
Q

what was the book that showed the feminist perspcetive?

A

the beauty myth
- women were pressured to look younger and beautiful as they entered the workforce
- they gained power by entering the workforce but it was slowly taken away by the pressure to look a certain way and investing themselves

66
Q

what did Simone de Beauvoir say about the impact of the ad industry?

A
  • women were encouraged to consume beauty products
  • their bodies were objects that needed to be worked on like a house
  • this alienated women from their own bodies
67
Q

who critiques that the body and the person were separate entities and what was his counter argument?

A

Foucault
- the body and person are one
- women are more dismissed about their health symptoms compared to men
- the lived experience is dependent on the body

SOC 224 (14 decks)

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