Menstrual Disorders

Question 1

the average menstrual cycle lasts how many days?

Answer 1

28 days

between 21 and 35

Question 2

amenorrhoea is what?

Answer 2

absence of menstruation >6months

Question 3

menses at intervals of >35days is known as what?

Answer 3

oligomenorrhoea

Question 4

painful heavy periods can be indicitave of what?

Answer 4

cancer

Question 5

which is easier to diagnose cervical or uterine cancer?

Answer 5

cevical as can visualise with smear

uterine requires scope/US

Question 6

which age groups are most likely to be affected by cervical and uterine cancer?

Answer 6

cervical- younger

uterine- older

Question 7

what is DUB?

Answer 7

dysfunction Uterien Bleeding- bleeding outwith regular cycle

Question 8

AUB is a diagnosis of?

Answer 8

exclusion

Question 9

AUB is further subdivided into what two categories?

Answer 9

annovulatory

ovulatory

Question 10

what kind of bleeding is present in anovulatroy and oviulatory AUB?

Answer 10

anovulatory → irregular cycle

ovulatory → heavy regular bleeding

Question 11

which type of AUB is more common in women 35-45yrs?

Answer 11

ovulatory

(inadequate progesterone production by corpus luteum)

Question 12

how is abnormal uterine bleeding investigated?

Answer 12

FBC

cervical smear

TSH

renal/liver function tests

Transvaginal US scan

endometrial sampling

Question 13

how is AUB managed?

Answer 13

progestons (given day 5-25 then have period)

COCP

progesterone releasing IUCD- mirena

Question 14

what is the surgical management of AUB?

Answer 14

endometrial resection/ablation

hysterectomy

Question 15

what hormone therapy is required following endometrial resection/ablation?

Answer 15

combined HRT as oestrogen alone can inc risk of cancer

Question 16

corpus luteum secretes what?

Answer 16

progesterone

Question 17

how can the endometrium be imaged/biopsied?

Answer 17

Transvaginal Ultrasound (measures endometrial thickness)

hysteroscopy

endometrial pipelle

dilation and curettage

Question 18

is biopsy useful during menstrual phase?

Answer 18

no- glands and stroma are falling apart

Question 19

uterine fibroids are soemtimes named?

Answer 19

leiomyomata

Question 20

when do endometrial polyps often occur?

Answer 20

around or after menopause

Question 21

define endometriosis

Answer 21

growht of endometrium outwith the uterus

Question 22

what cells will be present on histology in endometriosis?

Answer 22

inflammatory cells

Question 23

what is it called when endometrial glands and stroma break through into the myometrium?

Answer 23

adenomyosis

Question 24

which drug therapy can cause AUB?

Answer 24

HRT and tamoxifen

(used to control menopausal symtpoms can cause AUB)

Question 25

which carries a higher risk of developing into a choriocarcinoma, complete or partial mole?

Answer 25

complete

Question 26

of mefanamic acid and tranexamic acid which is used or painful periods and which for heavy periods?

Answer 26

mefanamic acid- painful periods tranexamix acid- heavy periods