HIV Flashcards
which strain of HIV was responsible for global pandemic in 1981?
HIV-1 group M
what cell is targeted in HIV?
CD4+
infection of CD4 results in what?
reduction in ciculating CD4+ cells
dysregulated expression of cytokines
inc susceptibilty to viral infection
reduced affinity of antibodies produced
less than how many CD4+ cells allows for oppurtunisitc infection?
<200
what is acute HIV syndrome?
days to a week of fever, rash, fatigue whilst virus replicates massivley in initial stages of infection
(also headache, N&V, diarrhoea)
how does infection of CD4 cells establish regional infection?
infected cells travel to regional lymphnodes and infection established within 3 days of entry
around 80% of people affected w HIV will present w symptoms how long after inital infection?
2-4 weeks
what are the modes of transmission of HIV?
sexual transmission
parenteral durg use, infected blood
mother to child in-utero/trans placental, delivery, breast feeding
HIV exhibits rapid replication in very early and very late infection with new generation every __ hours?
6-12hrs
what is the average number of years from infection to death if HIV is left untreated?
9-11 years
what are some oppurtunistic infections?
pneumocystitis, pneumonia
TB
cerebral toxoplasmosis
cytomegalovirus
how is pneumocystitis treated?
high dose co-trimoxazole
(low dose prophylactically)
what is cerebral toxoplasmosis?
reactivation fo latent infection causing multiple cerebral abscesses
what is seen in cytomegalovirus (CMV)?
retinitis
colitis
oesophagitis
what is ‘slims disease’?
HIV assoc wasting. Metabolic, malabsoption, multifactorial anaemia
give some AIDs related cancers?
Kaposi’s Sarcoma
Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma
cervical cancer
who are high risk groups fro HIV?
Men who have sex w men
female partners of bisexual men
PWID
partners of people living w HIV
what markers are used to identify HIV?
viral RNA
capsule protein p24 (antigen) and antibody
what is the ‘window period’ in HIV?
initial period where someone can be infected and be very infectious but still give -ve test result.
how long is the window period in 4th generation antibody testign for HIV?
4 weeks
rapid HIV tests involve what?
fingerprick specimen or saliva o give result in 20-30mins
what is HAART?
Highly Active Anit-Retroviral Treatment
3 drugs from at least 2 dfferent drug classes
what are drugs used in HAART?
Nucleoside Reverse Transciptase Inhibitors
Non- nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
Protease inhibitors
what are some drug interactions you need to consider when on HAART?
Hep B - same treatment
Hep C and TB causes drug interactions
