HIV

Question 1

which strain of HIV was responsible for global pandemic in 1981?

Answer 1

HIV-1 group M

Question 2

what cell is targeted in HIV?

Answer 2

CD4+

Question 3

infection of CD4 results in what?

Answer 3

reduction in ciculating CD4+ cells

dysregulated expression of cytokines

inc susceptibilty to viral infection

reduced affinity of antibodies produced

Question 4

less than how many CD4+ cells allows for oppurtunisitc infection?

Answer 4

<200

Question 5

what is acute HIV syndrome?

Answer 5

days to a week of fever, rash, fatigue whilst virus replicates massivley in initial stages of infection

(also headache, N&V, diarrhoea)

Question 6

how does infection of CD4 cells establish regional infection?

Answer 6

infected cells travel to regional lymphnodes and infection established within 3 days of entry

Question 7

around 80% of people affected w HIV will present w symptoms how long after inital infection?

Answer 7

2-4 weeks

Question 8

what are the modes of transmission of HIV?

Answer 8

sexual transmission

parenteral durg use, infected blood

mother to child in-utero/trans placental, delivery, breast feeding

Question 9

HIV exhibits rapid replication in very early and very late infection with new generation every __ hours?

Answer 9

6-12hrs

Question 10

what is the average number of years from infection to death if HIV is left untreated?

Answer 10

9-11 years

Question 11

what are some oppurtunistic infections?

Answer 11

pneumocystitis, pneumonia

TB

cerebral toxoplasmosis

cytomegalovirus

Question 12

how is pneumocystitis treated?

Answer 12

high dose co-trimoxazole

(low dose prophylactically)

Question 13

what is cerebral toxoplasmosis?

Answer 13

reactivation fo latent infection causing multiple cerebral abscesses

Question 14

what is seen in cytomegalovirus (CMV)?

Answer 14

retinitis

colitis

oesophagitis

Question 15

what is ‘slims disease’?

Answer 15

HIV assoc wasting. Metabolic, malabsoption, multifactorial anaemia

Question 16

give some AIDs related cancers?

Answer 16

Kaposi’s Sarcoma

Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma

cervical cancer

Question 17

who are high risk groups fro HIV?

Answer 17

Men who have sex w men

female partners of bisexual men

PWID

partners of people living w HIV

Question 18

what markers are used to identify HIV?

Answer 18

viral RNA

capsule protein p24 (antigen) and antibody

Question 19

what is the ‘window period’ in HIV?

Answer 19

initial period where someone can be infected and be very infectious but still give -ve test result.

Question 20

how long is the window period in 4th generation antibody testign for HIV?

Answer 20

4 weeks

Question 21

rapid HIV tests involve what?

Answer 21

fingerprick specimen or saliva o give result in 20-30mins

Question 22

what is HAART?

Answer 22

Highly Active Anit-Retroviral Treatment

3 drugs from at least 2 dfferent drug classes

Question 23

what are drugs used in HAART?

Answer 23

Nucleoside Reverse Transciptase Inhibitors

Non- nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Protease inhibitors

Question 24

what are some drug interactions you need to consider when on HAART?

Answer 24

Hep B - same treatment

Hep C and TB causes drug interactions

Question 25

how can we prevent mother to child transmission of HIV?

Answer 25

HAART during pregnancy

vaginal delivery if undectable viral load (c-section if otherwise)

exclusice formula feeding

Question 26

which condition worsens in HIV, psoriasis or Rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 26

psoriasis

CD8+ mediated- in HIV higher levels so can worsen