Menstrual cycle/ contraception

Question 1

menstrual cycle stage 1

Answer 1

• uterus lining breaks down and is released

Question 2

menstrual cycle stage 2

Answer 2

• uterus lining builds up

- day 4 - 14 thick spongey layer are ready for an egg

Question 3

menstrual cycle stage 3

Answer 3

• egg developed and is released

- (ovulation) from day 14

Question 4

menstrual cycle stage 4

Answer 4

• lining is maintained until day 28

- if no fertilized egg is implanted in the spongey layer the cycle starts again.

Question 5

what causes the uterus lining to thicken

Answer 5

• oestrogen

Question 6

what causes the egg to mature

Answer 6

• FSH

Question 7

what maintains the lining of the uterus

Answer 7

• progesterone

Question 8

what causes the release of the egg

Answer 8

• LH

Question 9

in order during the cycle when are the hormones released

Answer 9

1. FSH
2. Oestrogen
3. LH
4. Progesterone

Question 10

what does FSH do

Answer 10

• causes the egg to mature

- stimulates the ovaries to produce Oestrogen

Question 11

what does Oestrogen do

Answer 11

• causes the lining to thicken and grow
• stimulates LH production
• inhibits FSH production so that only one egg can be released

Question 12

what does LH do

Answer 12

• stimulates the release of an egg

- indirectly stimulates progesterone production

Question 13

what does progesterone do

Answer 13

• maintains uterus lining (lining breaks down when oestrogen and progesterone levels fall)
• inhibits FSH and LH
• low progesterone causes FSH to increase leading to the cycle to go again.

Question 14

if someone is struggling to get pregnant what can they be injected by to stimulate ovulation

Answer 14

• FSH and LH

Question 15

how are hormones important in IVF

Answer 15

= FSH and LH are given before the eggs are collected for lab insemination
- this is so that more eggs are produced for a higher chance of pregnancy

Question 16

contraceptive methods using hormones

Answer 16

• Injection
• Implant
• IUS
• Mini-pill
• Combined pill
• Patch

Question 17

what hormone is used in the
- injection, 
- implant,
- IUS and 
- Mini-pill 
and how does it work

Answer 17

• progesterone
• stimulates production of thick mucus, less likely sperm will reach the egg
• thins uterus lining so eggs wont be implanted
• prevents ovulation and progesterone inhibits FSH and LH

Question 18

Combined pill/ patch work using … because

Answer 18

• progesterone and oestrogen
• all progesterone’s effects +
• oestrogen prevents ovulation as it inhibits FSH production

Question 19

side effects of hormonal methods of contraception

Answer 19

• headaches
• irregular periods
• acne
• mood changes

Question 20

physical methods (barrier) of contraception are

Answer 20

• condom
• diaphragm
• IUD
• Sterilization ( cut /tubes tied in reproductive systems)