Menopause Flashcards
When are symptoms most likely in menopause
Stage +1b - the next 12 months after menopause+12, where FSH continues to rise and estrogen continues to drop
When are vasomotor symptoms of menopause at their worst
In the first year after the last menstrual period
What controllable factors are thought to contribute most to hot flushes
Current smoking, high bmi
Most common symptoms of menopause
Hot flushes and night sweats
Percentage of menopausal women getting vasomotor symptoms
75%
What is thought to be the cause of vasomotor symptoms
Narrowing of the thermonautral zone in the hypothalamus
Psychological symptoms of menopause
Depression, anxiety, mood swings, irritability, lethergy
Where in the urogenital tract has oestrogen and progesterone receptors
Vagina, urethra, bladder, pelvic floor muscles
Can you still get genitourinary syndrome of the menopause while on hrt
Yes rate is 25%
Best hrt options in migraines with aura
Low dose transdermal oestrogen
IUS > micronised continuous progesterone
Where in the urogenital system has ostrgen receptors
Squamous epithelium of the proximal and distal urethra, vagina and trigone of bladder
How long to use sequential progesterone for in hrt?
Switch to continuous once someone would have completed the menopause.
Or up to 5 years.
Poorer endometrial protection
How long may spotting or irregular bleeding last for someone on continuous combined HRT
Up to six months.
Should not get heavier.
When to investigate bleeding on (continuous) HRT
If > 6 months
Becomes heavier
After significant amenorrhoea
What is bazedoxifenes ( a SERM) use in HRT?
Is used along with conjugated estrogens in menopausal women with an intact uterus but intolerant of progesterone
