Menopause Flashcards
menopause is the result of exhaustion of what?
ovarian follicle supply
onset of menstrual irregularity and vasomotor symptoms
perimenopause
what is the staging system used for menopause?
STRAW
what is the most important factor of menopause?
genetic
what can cause earlier menopause? (3)
smoking
never pregnant
low socioeconomic status
what is the average age of menopause in the US?
51
menopause that occurs before age 40
primary ovarian insufficiency
a sharp decrease in ovarian follicle supply occurs at what age?
37
what hormone increases slightly in the perimenopause due to increased FSH and its effects on follicular development?
estradiol (estrogen)
estradiol decrease starts about ___ months prior to menopause
6
after menopause, _____ level is permanently increased due to loss of negative feedback from estradiol
FSH
what is the diagnostic test of choice for menopause?
FSH (due to being permanently increased)
what are 9 menopausal symptoms and findings?
menstrual cycle irregularity
postmenopausal bleeding
hot flashes
mood changes
poor concentration
vaginal atrophy
decreased libido
bone loss
coronary heart disease
what menopausal symptom always needs to be evaluated for endometrial cancer? what to use to evaluate (2)?
postmenopausal bleeding
US
endometrial biopsy
what is the leading cause of death for women?
cardiovascular disease
what is the most effective treatment for menopausal symptoms?
estrogen replacement therapy
what 2 symptoms does estrogen replacement therapy help treat?
hot flashes
atrophic vaginal changes
what 4 lifestyle changes help manage hot flashes?
reduce core temperature
exercise
smoking cessation
stress management
exogenous chemicals derived from plant precursors chemically processed to have the same chemical structure as endogenous hormones
bioidentical hormones
an option for those unable to take estrogen due to breast cancer
name 4 specific meds
nonhormonal therapy
antidepressants
gabapentin
clonidine
methyldopa
