Contraception Flashcards
the first pill that created a “pseudo-pregnancy” to not ovulate
enovid 10
what are 4 common contraindications to OCP?
hx of hypertension
smoker
age
hx of migraines with aura
what are 5 pros of OCPs?
regulate menses
decrease heavy bleeding
decreased cramps
decreased ovarian cysts
decrease acne
what are 4 cons to OCPs?
sore breasts
nausea
spotting
decreased sex drive
what are the 2 types of progesterone only OCPs in the US?
micronor (norethindrone)
slynd (drospiroenone)
work by thickening cervical mucus and inhibit sperm migration, suppressing ovulation. Ovulation is not consistently suppressed and about half of users still ovulate
progesterone only
what do progesterone-only pills typically cause? (2)
unscheduled bleeding
menstrual changes
suppresses ovulation by inhibiting GnRH and LH/FSH, stabilizes the endometrium production to maintain a regular withdrawal bleeding pattern, thickens cervical mucus, and impairs normal tubal motility and peristalsis.
combined pill
same dose for 3 weeks, then 1 placebo week
monophasic
provide a lower ratio of estrogen/progestin during first half and higher dose during the 2nd half of the cycle
biphasic pills
changes the dose every 7 days; estrogen and progesterone amounts can both change
triphasic
what is the biggest disadvantage to combined pills?
unpredictable bleeding or spotting events
norelgestromin and ethinyl estradiol daily that is changed weekly x 3 weeks and off for a week
the patch (orthoEvra)
the shot typically given in the clinic, given 2 forms every 13 weeks
depo provera
has less blood loss, anemia, fewer corpus luteum cysts, decreased cramps, pain and ovulation pain, improvement in endometriosis, and decreases seizures frequency
depo provera
cons of depo provera (4)
progressive weight gain d/t increased appetite
irregular bleeding
slow return to baseline fertility
associated with depo provera use and may not be completely reversible
bone loss
what should be taken with depo provera? (2)
calcium
vitamin D
etonogestrel implant placed in inner upper arm, approved for 3 years of use; has lower failure rates than permanent contraceptive options
nexplanon implant
what is the most common side effect of nexplanon?
changes in bleeding pattern
what imaging can nexplanon be seen on? where can it migrate if not seen in the arm?
x-ray
lungs
in 1942, the Birth Control League was renamed _____ _______
planned parenthood
soft sheath which thicken woven nylon filaments; ill-designed removal string that increased PID, sepsis, and infertility
dalkon shield (1971)
approved for 10 years, works as a spermicide where the copper inhibits sperm motility and acrosomal enzyme reaction
paragard IUD
con for paragard IUD?
heavier menstrual cycles
approved for 8 years, thickens cervical mucous, prevents implantation by altering endometrium and changes uterotubal fluid also impairs sperm/ovum migration
mirena/liletta IUD
what are 5 contraindications for IUD?
anatomic abnormality of uterus
pregnancy
current PID
vaginal bleeding
GYN malignancy
