Breast Disorders Flashcards
bilateral milky discharge in newborns that is transient and due to maternal hormone stimulation
neonatal galactorrhea
accessory nipples
polythelia
accessory breast tissue
polymastia
breast development before 8 years of age that is benign
premature thelarche
extremely large breasts due to excessive growth of breast tissue. Dx and treatment?
breast hypertrophy (gigantomastia)
reduction mammoplasty
mastalgia that is bilateral and related to normal hormonal changes
cyclic
mastalgia associated with breast cancer and more likely unilateral, intense, and progressive
non-cyclic mastalgia
superficial thrombophlebitis of the subcutaneous veins of the breast and chest wall. On PE, there is a palpable cord. Dx?
mondor disease
a breastfeeding patient presents with warm, tender, diffuse erythematous breast, fever, myalgias, and leukocytosis. Dx? treatment?
mastitis
oral antibiotics
continue breastfeeding
patient presents with areolar inflammation +/- abscess. Dx? treatment?
periareolar / periductal mastitis
oral antibiotics
patient presents with areolar inflammation +/- abscess. Dx?
what is the treatment if it’s associated with trauma, diabetes, steroid use, or RA?
periareolar / periductal mastitis
I&D, culture
bilateral, spontaneous milky nipple discharge
galactorrhea
what is the most common cause of galactorrhea?
hyperprolactinemia
what 2 medications are most commonly associated with galactorrhea?
antidepressants
antipsychotics
what are 2 treatment options for galactorrhea?
bromocriptine
cabergoline
what does unilateral discharge that is uniductal, spontaneous, clear, serous, and bloody indicate?
higher risk of malignancy
intraductal papilloma
patient presents with soft, smooth, mobile mass. Dx? treatment if painful?
breast cyst
aspiration
what is used to diagnose a breast cyst?
ultrasound
what is the most common cause of breast masses in adolescents and young women?
fibroadenoma
patient presents with a rubbery, smooth, mobile mass with distinct margins. Dx? treatment?
fibroadenoma
+/- removal
patient presents with a painless mass that is palpable in the central portion of the breast. Dx? treatment?
galactocele
supportive
a patient presents with a single enlarging breast mass that is firm, circumscribes, and mobile. Dx? treatment?
phyllodes tumor
wide local excision
patient presents with a solitary, irregular, ill-defined mass. Dx?
fat necrosis
what is breast cancer known as?
most common cancer diagnosed in the US
what is the treatment for breast cancer? (4)
surgery
chemotherapy
radiation
hormonal therapy
what is the gold standard screening of breast cancer?
mammogram
when should breast cancer screening begin?
age 40; yearly or every other year
