Breast Disorders

Question 1

bilateral milky discharge in newborns that is transient and due to maternal hormone stimulation

Answer 1

neonatal galactorrhea

Question 2

accessory nipples

Answer 2

polythelia

Question 3

accessory breast tissue

Answer 3

polymastia

Question 4

breast development before 8 years of age that is benign

Answer 4

premature thelarche

Question 5

extremely large breasts due to excessive growth of breast tissue. Dx and treatment?

Answer 5

breast hypertrophy (gigantomastia)

reduction mammoplasty

Question 6

mastalgia that is bilateral and related to normal hormonal changes

Answer 6

cyclic

Question 7

mastalgia associated with breast cancer and more likely unilateral, intense, and progressive

Answer 7

non-cyclic mastalgia

Question 8

superficial thrombophlebitis of the subcutaneous veins of the breast and chest wall. On PE, there is a palpable cord. Dx?

Answer 8

mondor disease

Question 9

a breastfeeding patient presents with warm, tender, diffuse erythematous breast, fever, myalgias, and leukocytosis. Dx? treatment?

Answer 9

mastitis

oral antibiotics
continue breastfeeding

Question 10

patient presents with areolar inflammation +/- abscess. Dx? treatment?

Answer 10

periareolar / periductal mastitis

oral antibiotics

Question 11

patient presents with areolar inflammation +/- abscess. Dx?
what is the treatment if it’s associated with trauma, diabetes, steroid use, or RA?

Answer 11

periareolar / periductal mastitis

I&D, culture

Question 12

bilateral, spontaneous milky nipple discharge

Answer 12

galactorrhea

Question 13

what is the most common cause of galactorrhea?

Answer 13

hyperprolactinemia

Question 14

what 2 medications are most commonly associated with galactorrhea?

Answer 14

antidepressants
antipsychotics

Question 15

what are 2 treatment options for galactorrhea?

Answer 15

bromocriptine
cabergoline

Question 16

what does unilateral discharge that is uniductal, spontaneous, clear, serous, and bloody indicate?

Answer 16

higher risk of malignancy

intraductal papilloma

Question 17

patient presents with soft, smooth, mobile mass. Dx? treatment if painful?

Answer 17

breast cyst
aspiration

Question 18

what is used to diagnose a breast cyst?

Answer 18

ultrasound

Question 19

what is the most common cause of breast masses in adolescents and young women?

Answer 19

fibroadenoma

Question 20

patient presents with a rubbery, smooth, mobile mass with distinct margins. Dx? treatment?

Answer 20

fibroadenoma

+/- removal

Question 21

patient presents with a painless mass that is palpable in the central portion of the breast. Dx? treatment?

Answer 21

galactocele

supportive

Question 22

a patient presents with a single enlarging breast mass that is firm, circumscribes, and mobile. Dx? treatment?

Answer 22

phyllodes tumor

wide local excision

Question 22

patient presents with a solitary, irregular, ill-defined mass. Dx?

Answer 22

fat necrosis

Question 23

what is breast cancer known as?

Answer 23

most common cancer diagnosed in the US

Question 24

what is the treatment for breast cancer? (4)

Answer 24

surgery
chemotherapy
radiation
hormonal therapy

Question 25

what is the gold standard screening of breast cancer?

Answer 25

mammogram

Question 26

when should breast cancer screening begin?

Answer 26

age 40; yearly or every other year