Meninges, Dural Folds, and Venous Sinuses

Question 1

dura matter

Answer 1

hard outer covering, DICT

Question 2

arachnoid mater

Answer 2

middle covering, loose CT, spider web like

Question 3

pia matter

Answer 3

innermost covering, in direct contact with brain, does nto separate at all

Question 4

periosteal dura

Answer 4

in contact and inseparable from the cranial bones

Question 5

meningeal dura

Answer 5

forms the dural reflection or folds, sinuses

carry venous blood and CSF

Question 6

falx cerebri

Answer 6

separates the right and left lobes of the cortex

Question 7

tentorium cerebrelli

Answer 7

separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum

Question 8

diaphragma sellae

Answer 8

smallest dural folding

forms a roof over the sphenoid

Question 9

superior saggital sinus

Answer 9

largest sinus in the brain

recieves the superior cerebral veins

Question 10

dural venous sinuses

Answer 10

no valves, less walls than vein

all sinuses drain into the internal jugular vein

Question 11

Drainage of sinuses

Answer 11

superior cerebral veins drain into the superior sagittal sinus

inferior and superficial middle cerebral veins from the drain into the straight, transverse, and superior petrosal sinuses.

The great cerebral vein ends by merging with the inferior sagittal sinus to form the straight sinus (see Fig. 8.29A, B).

The cerebellum is into the transverse and sigmoid sinuses (see Fig. 8.32).

Question 12

structures located in the cavernous sinus

Answer 12

internal carotid a
oculomotor n (CN III)
trochelar n (CN IV)
ophthalmic (CN V3)
maxillary (CN V2)
abducens nerve (CN VI)

danger zone for infection

Question 13

arterial supply of the brain

Answer 13

anterior is supplied by the internal carotid arteries
posterior supplied by the vertebral and basilar arteries

and has anastomosis in between

Question 14

venous drainage in the brain

Answer 14

does not follow artery
backflow is possible
all cerebral veins drain into dural sinuses

Question 15

emissary veins

Answer 15

connect the dural venous sinuses with veins outside the cranium

bridging venous sinus and the scalp

Question 16

ventricles of the brain

Answer 16

two lateral ventricle —> travel through interventricular foramen –> third ventricle in between lateral two –> cerebral aqueduct –> fourth ventricle —> subarchoid space –> archanoid villi –> superior saggital sinus

associated with cerebral spinal fluid

Question 17

choriod plexus

Answer 17

found in the lateral ventricles

forms CSF

Question 18

Epidural hematoma

Answer 18

skull trauma
rupture of the middle meningeal artery near the pterion
creates an epidural space

convex on brain
restricted by suture lines
seen on the side of impact

Question 19

subdural hematoma

Answer 19

tearing of the bridging veins
concave towards the brain
unrestricted
seen on opposite side of impact

Question 20

subarachnoid hemorrhage

Answer 20

rupture of berry aneurysm
thunderclap headache

Question 21

horner’s syndrome

Answer 21

lesion on the sypathetic trunk

causes vasodilation - flushing
constriction of pupil
dropping of eyelid (ptosis)
lack of sweating (anihidrosis)

Question 22

symp innervation in head and neck

Answer 22

pupil dilation, elevation of eyelid, vasoconstriction, sweating

Question 23

preauricular nodes

Answer 23

drain scalp and skin

Question 24

posterior cervical nodes

Answer 24

scalp, neck, upper thoracic skin

Question 25

supraclavicular nodes

Answer 25

drain gi, gentiurniary tract, pulmonary

Question 26

anterior cervical nodes

Answer 26

drain larynx, tongue, oropharynx, anterior neck

Question 27

submandibular nodes

Answer 27

drain oral cavity