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HS Block 3 > Histology of the endrocrine system > Flashcards

Histology of the endrocrine system Flashcards

1
Q

adenohyposis

A

anterior pituatary

separated into pars distalis

pars intermedia

pars tuberalis

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2
Q

neurohyphosis

A

posterior pituatary
pars nervousa
infundbiluar stalk

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3
Q

anterior pituatary embroyo

A

comes from ectoderm (rathke’s pouch)

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4
Q

posterior pituatary embroyo

A

comes from neuroectoderm

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5
Q

Neurosecrotory cells

A

from the hypothalmus

regulate the anterior pituatary

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6
Q

Regulation of the posterior pituatary

A

occurs from the paraventricular nucleus (makes oxytocin) and the supraoptic nucleus (produces ADH)

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7
Q

Primary capillary plexus

A

surronds the median eminence and infundilum

has fenestrated and sinusodial capillaries

blood supply to pars distalis

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8
Q

secondary capillary plexus

A

surrounds the pars distalis

blood supply to pars distalis

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9
Q

pars distalis types of cells

A

acidophils
basophils
chromophobes

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10
Q

Somatotrophs

A

acidophil

secrete growth hormone

+ GHRH
- somatostatin

act on liver, muscle, bone, kidney

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11
Q

Lactrotrophs

A

acidophil

secrete prolactin

+ TRH and VIP

  • dopamine

act on breasts

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12
Q

corticotrophs

A

basophil

produces ACTH

+CRH
-cortisol

act on adrenal cortex

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13
Q

gonadotrophs

A

basophil

produces FSH and LH

+ GnRH

act on gonads

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14
Q

thryotrophs

A

basophil
secrete TSH
stimulate TRH
inhib by somatostatin
act on thyroid

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15
Q

Pars intermedia

A

contains colloid-filled cysts

basophils and chromophobes –> makes MSH (stimulates melanin) and B-endorphin

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16
Q

Pars tuberalis

A

has vessels of portal system

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17
Q

Pituatary adenoma affecting growth hormone

A

causes gigantism and acromegaly (adults)

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18
Q

Pituatary adenoma affecting lactotrophs

A

milk production in non-lactating females

infertility
erectile dysfunction

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19
Q

Cushing’s disease

A

overproduction of ACTH - affecting corticotrophs

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20
Q

Pituicytes

A

cells in the posterior pituatary

glial cells

21
Q

posterior pituatary axons

A

arise from supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei of hypothalmus

22
Q

Herring bodies

A

swelling of axons in the posterior pituitary

associated with fenestrated capillaries

contain ADH and oxytocin hormones

23
Q

ADH

A

from neurons in supraoptic nucleus

released when low blood volume or high blood osmolarity

promote water reabsorption

24
Q

Oxytocin

A

from paraventricular nucleus
released during labor or by contraction of myoepithilial cells in the breast

25
Q

Adrenal cortex

A

from intermediate mesoderm

produces steroid hormones

has three layers: zona glomerulosa, fasciculata, reticularis

26
Q

Adrenal medulla

A

from neural crest
produces epinephrine and norepinephrine

27
Q

Adrenal cortex hormones

A

minarocorticoids
guloccorticoids
androgens

28
Q

zona glomerulosa

A

outermost

secrete mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)

small, basophilic cells

stimulated by angiotensin II and weakly ACTH

29
Q

zona fasiculata

A

middle layer
large polyhedral cells in cords
secrete glucocorticoids
stimulated by ACTH

30
Q

zona reticularis

A

deepest layer

small cells in cords separated with spaces (capillaries)

produce weak androgens (DHEA) and some glucocorticoids

stimulated by ACTH

31
Q

chromaffin cells

A

in adrenal medulla

large, pale polyhedral cells

postganglionic symp neurons

secrete epi and norepi

32
Q

Central adenomedullary vein

A

prominent white space in medulla

contraction releases hormones into the blood

33
Q

Thyroid gland

A

separated into lobules

has folliciles filled with colloid

34
Q

colloid

A

storage of inactive thyroid hormones

35
Q

folicular cells in thyroid gland (princpal/thyrocytes)

A

line lumen of follicles

has short microvillli

secrete T3 and T4

stimulated by TSH

36
Q

parafollicular cells (C cells)

A

large, pale staining

secrete calcitonin in response to elevated blood Ca2+

indented nucleus and secretory vesicles

37
Q

T3 and T4

A

thryoid hormone - stored as colloid

t4 more abundant

regulate basal metabolism, heat production, contribute to growth and development

38
Q

calcitonin

A

thyroid hormone - produced from parafollicular cells

lower blood ca2+ by promoting Ca deposition in bones

supresses osteoclasts

39
Q

goiter

A

enlargement of thyroid gland

can be either hyper or hypo gland

40
Q

hyperthyrodism (graves disease)

A

weight loss, sweating, tachy

eyes bulg out

41
Q

hypothyrodism

A

weght gain, autoimmune, lack of iodine

42
Q

Parathyroid gland cells

A

chief cells and oxyphil cells

43
Q

principal (chief) cells

A

secrete PTH - small, more of them

44
Q

oxyphil cells

A

larger, eosinophil
no none secretion

45
Q

PTH function

A

opposite of calcitonin

secreted in response to low Ca

46
Q

pineal gland

A

regulates circadian rhythms

secretes melonin, serotin, norepi, dopamine

has corpora arencea - brain sand

47
Q

pinealocytes

A

cells in pineal gland
secrete melanin and serotonin

48
Q

corpora arencea

A

brain sand found in pineal gland

HS Block 3 (6 decks)

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