Lateral Cervical Region/ Posterior Triangle

Question 1

Sternocleidomastoid

Answer 1

has three head (sternal, clavicular, mastoid)

unilateral action - rotates head toward opposite direction
bilateral action - extends head and flex neck in the supine position

innervated by CN XI

Question 2

congenital torticollis

Answer 2

wry neck

SCM is tight and shorterned b/c of position in utero or stretch during birth

head tilts towards side of injury, face rotates toward opposite side

Question 3

Boundaries of the anterior triangle

Answer 3

midline of the neck, inferior border of the mandible, anterior border of SCM

Question 4

posterior triangle boundaries

Answer 4

posterior border of SCM, middle 1/3 of clavicle, anterior border of trapezius

Question 5

posterior triangle divided into

Answer 5

occipital triangle and subclavian triangle by the inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle

Question 6

superficial neck contents

Answer 6

fascia, platysma muscle, external and anterior jugular veins, superficial cervical lymph nodes, cutaneous braches of the cervical plexus

Question 7

external jugular vein

Answer 7

superficial, lateral neck

formed by union of posterior div of retromandibular and posterior auricular veins

drains into subclavian vein

Question 8

anterior jugular vein

Answer 8

near hyoid bone

descends near midline of neck

froms the jugular venous arch

empties into EJV or subclavian vein

Question 9

occipital and mastoid nodes

Answer 9

lymph from posterior scalp

Question 10

parotid nodes

Answer 10

lateral face, anterior scalp, eyelids

Question 11

submandibular lymph nodes

Answer 11

upper lip, lateral parts of lower lip

Question 12

submental lymph nodes

Answer 12

chin, center of lower lip

Question 13

cervical plexus

Answer 13

anterior rami of C1-C4

emerge from Erb’s point in posterior triangle

lesser occipital n (behind ear)

greater auricular n (toward ear)

transverse cervical n (anterior neck)

supraclavicular n (top of shoulder)

Question 14

investing layer of deep cervical fascia

Answer 14

surronds entire neck

outermost layer of deep fascia

splits to enclose SCM and trapezius

Question 15

Pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia

Answer 15

attaches to hyoid superiorly
extends inferiorly into mediastinum and blends with fibrous pericardium

muscular part - encloses infrahyoid muscles

visceral part - encloses thyroid, trachea, and esophogus

buccopharyngeal fascia - on the posterior aspect of the pharynx

Question 16

Prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia

Answer 16

surronds vertebral column
attaches to base of skull superiorly

fuses with anterior longitudinal ligament

forms axillary sheath

Question 17

carotid sheath of deep cervical fascia

Answer 17

around common carotid artery, inferior carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and vagus nerves

blends all the layers

Question 18

retropharyngeal space

Answer 18

between prevertebral and buccopharyngeal fascia

permits movement of pharynx and esophagus relative to vertebral column

pathways fro infection into mediastinum

Question 19

Posterior triangle muscles

Answer 19

form the floor

splenius capitus
levator scapulae
scalene muscles - posterior and middle
inferior belly of omohyoid

Question 20

Scalene muscles

Answer 20

anterior scalene, middle scalene, posterior scalene

Question 21

interscalene triangle

Answer 21

contains the brachial plexus and subclavian artery

in between anterior and middle scalene

Question 22

Pre-vertebral muscles

Answer 22

in prevertebral layer of deep fascia

posterior to retropharyngeal space

longus capitis
longus coli
rectus capitis anterior
rectus capitis lateralis

Question 23

Nerves in posterior triangle

Answer 23

accessory nerve

cervical plexus (deep branches supply pre-vertebral muscles)

phrenic nerve

brachial plexus - roots and trunks, supraclavicular branches

Question 24

arteries and veins in posterior triangle

Answer 24

subclavian artery and v
surpascapular artery and
transverse cervical artery
external jugular artery