Lateral Cervical Region/ Posterior Triangle Flashcards
Sternocleidomastoid
has three head (sternal, clavicular, mastoid)
unilateral action - rotates head toward opposite direction
bilateral action - extends head and flex neck in the supine position
innervated by CN XI
congenital torticollis
wry neck
SCM is tight and shorterned b/c of position in utero or stretch during birth
head tilts towards side of injury, face rotates toward opposite side
Boundaries of the anterior triangle
midline of the neck, inferior border of the mandible, anterior border of SCM
posterior triangle boundaries
posterior border of SCM, middle 1/3 of clavicle, anterior border of trapezius
posterior triangle divided into
occipital triangle and subclavian triangle by the inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle
superficial neck contents
fascia, platysma muscle, external and anterior jugular veins, superficial cervical lymph nodes, cutaneous braches of the cervical plexus
external jugular vein
superficial, lateral neck
formed by union of posterior div of retromandibular and posterior auricular veins
drains into subclavian vein
anterior jugular vein
near hyoid bone
descends near midline of neck
froms the jugular venous arch
empties into EJV or subclavian vein
occipital and mastoid nodes
lymph from posterior scalp
parotid nodes
lateral face, anterior scalp, eyelids
submandibular lymph nodes
upper lip, lateral parts of lower lip
submental lymph nodes
chin, center of lower lip
cervical plexus
anterior rami of C1-C4
emerge from Erb’s point in posterior triangle
lesser occipital n (behind ear)
greater auricular n (toward ear)
transverse cervical n (anterior neck)
supraclavicular n (top of shoulder)
investing layer of deep cervical fascia
surronds entire neck
outermost layer of deep fascia
splits to enclose SCM and trapezius
Pretracheal layer of deep cervical fascia
attaches to hyoid superiorly
extends inferiorly into mediastinum and blends with fibrous pericardium
muscular part - encloses infrahyoid muscles
visceral part - encloses thyroid, trachea, and esophogus
buccopharyngeal fascia - on the posterior aspect of the pharynx
Prevertebral layer of deep cervical fascia
surronds vertebral column
attaches to base of skull superiorly
fuses with anterior longitudinal ligament
forms axillary sheath
carotid sheath of deep cervical fascia
around common carotid artery, inferior carotid artery, internal jugular vein, and vagus nerves
blends all the layers
retropharyngeal space
between prevertebral and buccopharyngeal fascia
permits movement of pharynx and esophagus relative to vertebral column
pathways fro infection into mediastinum
Posterior triangle muscles
form the floor
splenius capitus
levator scapulae
scalene muscles - posterior and middle
inferior belly of omohyoid
Scalene muscles
anterior scalene, middle scalene, posterior scalene
interscalene triangle
contains the brachial plexus and subclavian artery
in between anterior and middle scalene
Pre-vertebral muscles
in prevertebral layer of deep fascia
posterior to retropharyngeal space
longus capitis
longus coli
rectus capitis anterior
rectus capitis lateralis
Nerves in posterior triangle
accessory nerve
cervical plexus (deep branches supply pre-vertebral muscles)
phrenic nerve
brachial plexus - roots and trunks, supraclavicular branches
arteries and veins in posterior triangle
subclavian artery and v
surpascapular artery and
transverse cervical artery
external jugular artery
