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HS Block 3 > Face, Scalp, Muscles of Facial Expression, Parotid Gland, and Skull > Flashcards

Face, Scalp, Muscles of Facial Expression, Parotid Gland, and Skull Flashcards

1
Q

Neurocranium

A

portion of skill containing brain and brainstem, includes meninges

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2
Q

Viscerocranium

A

the portion of skull making up the face, made from neural crest cells

bones are derived from pharyngeal arches

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3
Q

cranial base

A

bones underlying the base

also called basocranium

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4
Q

cranial vault

A

bones covering the brain

also called calvaria

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5
Q

sensory capsules

A

bones encapsulating sensory organs

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6
Q

endonchrondral ossification bones

A

bones composed of hylaine cartilage replaced by bone

cranial base bones

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7
Q

intramembranous ossification bones

A

bone tissue directly replaces mesenchyme

skull vault (calvaria), maxilla, mandible, zygomatic, squamous portion of temporal bone

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8
Q

pharyngeal arch derivatives

A

neural crest cells migration into arches and from bones

malleus, incus, stapes, styloid, process of temporal bone, hyoid bone

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9
Q

non-ossified bones

A

nasal septum and speno-occipital synchordosis (SOS)

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10
Q

supraorbital foramen

A

above eye in frontal bone

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11
Q

infraorbital foramen

A

in the maxillae bone

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12
Q

mental foramen

A

in the chin, mandible bone

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13
Q

temporal bone processes

A

zygomatic process
external acoustic meitus
mastoid process
styloid process

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14
Q

coronal suture

A

in between frontal and parietal

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15
Q

squamosal suture

A

in between parietal and temporal

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16
Q

pterion

A

H shape of the sutures (coronal and squamosal) comes together

vulnerable point in the skull

on lateral side

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17
Q

sagital suture

A

separates the two parietal bones

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18
Q

bregma

A

center point of the coronal suture and saggital suture

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19
Q

lamboid suture

A

in between parietal and occipital bone

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20
Q

lambda

A

center point between lamboid and saggital suture

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21
Q

craniosynotosis

A

premature closure of a suture in the infant

causes abnormal head shape because skull can only grow parallel to close suture

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22
Q

scaphaocephaly

A

premature closure of saggital suture

narrow elongated head

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23
Q

plagiocephaly

A

premature suture of coronal or lamboid suture on one side only

assymetric, twisted head

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24
Q

brachycephaly

A

premature closure of the coronal suture
tall flat head

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25
Q

Layer of the scalp

A

skin

connective tissue (dense) - contains nerves and vessels

aponeurosis - connecting the frontalis muscle and the occipitalis m

loos connective tissue - associated with venous communication, infection

pericranium - periosteum of skull

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26
Q

muscles of facial expression

A

come from the 2nd pharyngeal arch

facial nerve (cranial nerve VII)

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27
Q

occipitofrontalis

A

elevates eyebrows, wrinkles forehead - surprise

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28
Q

orbicularis occuli

A

closes eyelids

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29
Q

nasalis

A

compresses and dilates nostrils

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30
Q

orbicularis oris

A

purses lip to kiss

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31
Q

buccinator

A

presses cheek against molar teeth
important for chewing

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32
Q

mentalis

A

wrinkles chin

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33
Q

platsyma

A

depresses mandible, conveys stress

34
Q

partoid sheath

A

covers with parotid gland

continous with investing layer of deep cervical fascia

35
Q

motor innervation of the face

A

facial nerve (cranial nerve VII)

passes the internal auditory meatus, through the geniculate ganglion, exits the stylomastoid foramen

for ANS: internal auditory meitus –> petroympanic fissuere –> lingual nerve –> submandibular ganglion –> causes taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue and submandibular and sublingual gland

36
Q

Facial nerve

A

gives off the posterior auricular nerve (not in plexus)

branches within in the parotid gland

two zebras bit my cookies

temporal
zygomatic
buccal
mandibular
cervical

37
Q

bell’s palsy

A

facial nerve paralysis

unilateral

cannot close eyes, chew foot, puff cheeks, drooping mouth

spontaneous recovery

38
Q

herpes zoster oticus

A

reactivation of varicella zoster along the facial nerve (the posterior auricular branch)

painful skin lesions

can also affect CN VIII (vertigo, hearing loss)

39
Q

CN V

A

V1 - sensory
V2- sensory
V3 - sensory and motor, muscles of mastication and other

arise from the trigeminal ganglion

40
Q

CN V1 sensory innervation - opthalmic nerve

A

forehead, upper eyelids, dorsum of nose

41
Q

CN V2 - maxillary nerve

A

cheeks, lower eyelids, upper lip

42
Q

CN V3 - mandibular nerve

A

lateral sides of head, lower lip, chin

43
Q

herpes zoster of trigeminal nerve

A

involves the trigeminal ganglion

opthalmic division is most commonly affected

44
Q

trigeminal neuralgia

A

sudden attacks of facial pain with trigger zones

unknown cause

maxillary n most commonly affect, opthalmic least affected

45
Q

Blood supply to scalp and face

A

branches of ECA - facial a, superfical temporal a, occipital a, posterior auricular a

branches of ICA - supraorbital a, supratrochlear a

46
Q

angular vein

A

branch of facial v

anastomizing with ophthalmic veins in the cavernous sinus

47
Q

pterygoid plexus of veins

A

anastomoses with facial and cavernous sinus (danger zone)

another route of infection

48
Q

cavernous sinus thrombosis

A

infection from face travels into cavernous sinus

caused via the danger triangle of the face

headache, fever, periorbital edema, eye swelling

life threatening

49
Q

Retromandibular vein

A

formed by superifical temporal and maxillary veins

divides into anterior + facial vein = common facial vein

and posterior branch + posterior auricular vein = external jugular vein

50
Q

Sympathetics of head neck

A

preganglionic neurons are in T1-L2 –> enter sympathetic chain

travel up to cervical region, go through cervical sympathetic ganglia, conveyed via the vasculature (periarterial plexuses)

51
Q

Parsymp of head and neck

A

synapse in ganglion - not the wall of the viscera

COPS
3977

52
Q

CN III synape

A

synpase at ciliary ganglion

53
Q

CN IX synapse

A

synapse in otic ganglion

54
Q

CN VII synapse

A

pterygopalatine ganglion or submandibular ganglion

55
Q

Post ganglion parasymp fibers

A

are distrubuted by branches of trigeminal n (CN V)

56
Q

olfactory foramina/cribiriform foramina

A

axons of olfactory cells that make up the CN I

57
Q

optic cancal

A

has the optic nerve (CN II) and ophthalmic arteries

58
Q

superior orbital fissure

A

CN V1, CN III, CN IV, CN VI

59
Q

foramen rotundum

A

CN V2

60
Q

foramen ovale

A

CN V3 and accessory meningeal a.

61
Q

foramen spinosum

A

middle meningeal artery, meningeal branch of V3

62
Q

foramen lacerum

A

deep petrosal n

63
Q

internal auditory meatus

A

vestibulocochlear nerve (CN VIII), facial nerve (CN VII)

64
Q

jugular foramen

A

CN IX, X, and XI, internal jugular v.

65
Q

hypoglossal canal

A

Hypoglossal n. (CN XII)

66
Q

foramen magnum

A

Vertebral aa., CN XI, anterior/posterior spinal aa.

67
Q

CN I

A

olfactory

68
Q

CN II

A

optic

69
Q

CN III

A

oculomotor

70
Q

CN IV

A

trochleamotor

71
Q

CN V

A

trigeminal

72
Q

CN V1

A

opthlamic

73
Q

CN V2

A

maxillary

74
Q

CN V3

A

mandibular

75
Q

CN VI

A

abducens

76
Q

CN VII

A

facial

77
Q

CN VIII

A

vestibulococlear

78
Q

CN IX

A

glossopharyngeal

79
Q

CN X

A

vagus

80
Q

CN XI

A

accesory

81
Q

CN XII

A

hypoglossal

HS Block 3 (6 decks)

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