All things cranial nerves Flashcards
Cranial nerves contain any of the following
sensory axons, somatic motor axons (voluntary), parasympathethic motor axons (ANS/involuntary)
CN I
olfactory nerves
sensory only - olfaction
CN I leaves anterior cranial fossa through which opening
cribriform foramina
Cranial nerves assoication with orbit
cn II, cn III, CN IV, CN V(1), CN VI
CN II
optic
sensory only - involved in vision
enters orbit through the optic canals
CN III
oculomotor
Has somatic motor and parasymp motor function
leaves the middle cranial fossa through the superior orbital fissure
CN III somatic motor muscles
levator palpebrae superioris
superior rectus
inferior rectus
medial rectus
inferior oblique
CN III parasymp motor
innervation to ciliary body and sphincter pupillae
constricts the pupil and contracts ciliary muscles
CN IV
trochlear nerve
somatic motor only - innervates superior oblique muscle
leaves middle cranial fossa through superior orbital fissure
CN VI
abducens nerve
somatic motor only –> to lateral rectus muscle
leave middle cranial fossa through superior orbital fissure
CN V
Trigeminal nerve
sensory and somatic motor functions
innervates pharyngeal arch 1 structures and meninges
V1 of CN V
V1 - ophthalmic - sensory to the skin the frontonasal prominence, upper eyelid, orbit, anterosuperior part of nasal cavity, cornea
exits via the superior orbital fissure
branches into frontal branch, nasocillary branch, lacrimal branch
V2 of CN V
maxillary
sensory nerve only
innervates skin of maxillary prominence, lower eyelid, nostrils, posterior nasal cavity, nasopharynx, palate, maxillary teeth, maxillary gingiva, upper lip
exits via the foramen rotundum
V3 of CN V
mandibular
sensory and motor
innervates skin of mandibular prominence, mandible oral cavity, gingiva, teeth, inferior lip, meninges of middle cranial fossa
sensation from anterior 2/3 of tongue
motor to the pharyngeal arch 1 muscles
exits via the foramen ovale
Somatic motor muscles of V3 of CNV
muscles of mastication, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini, mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric
CN VII
facial nerve
innervation pharyngeal arch 2 structures
has sensory, somatic motor, and parasymp motor functions
leaves posterior cranial fossa via the internal acoustic meatus
Somatic motor of CN VII
muscles of facial expression
innervates pharyngeal arch 2 muscles
exits via stylomastoid foramen
innervates stapedius, stylohyoid, posterior belly of digastric
special sensory of CN VII
taste from the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
via the chorda tympani branch (post ganglionic parasymp)
parasymp of CN VII
greater petrosal nerve
and nerve of pterygoid canal (postganglionic parasymp)
CN VIII
vestibulochoclear
sensory only - hearing and equilibrium
exits posterior cranial fossa via internal acoustic meitus
CN IX
glossopharyngeal
has sensory, somatic, parasymp function
exits via the jugular foramen
CN IX general sensory
much of pharynx, palatine tonsil, carotid sinus, carotid body, middle ear
touch/taste from posterior 1/3 of the tongue
CN IX somatic motor
stylopharyngeus
CN IX parasymp
paratoid salivary gland
CN X
vagus nerve
all three function
exits via jugular foramen
Vagus nerve somatic motor
most pharynx and larnyx muscles
vagus nerve parasymp
thoracic and most abdominal organs
CN XI
accesory nerve
somatic motor to trapezius and SCM
exits via jugular foramen
CN XII
hypoglossal
somatic motor to intrinsic muscles and extrinsic muscles of the tongue
exits via the hypoglossal canal
cranial nerves leaving jugular foramen
CN IX, CN X, CN XI
cranial nerves leaving superior orbital fissure
CN III, CN IV, CN VI, V(1) of V
