Mendelian genetics

Question 1

What is Mendel’s 1st law

Answer 1

Law of segregation - genes segregate at meiosis so that each gamete contains only one of the two possessed by the parent

Question 2

What is Mendel’s 2nd law

Answer 2

Independent assortment - Alleles of different genes assort independently during gametic formation

Question 3

Find probability of offspring depending on parents

Answer 3

Mostly look at SsYy x SsYy. In journal

Question 4

What is polymorphic

Answer 4

One gene has many different alleles (individual can only have 2) favours diversity

Question 5

What is incomplete dominance

Answer 5

F1 (first offspring) has an intermediate phenotype. F2 has all phenotypes present (when crossing homozygous dominant and recessive) Heterozygous will cause the intermediate phenotype

Question 6

What is co-dominance

Answer 6

When both phenotypes are present/expressed in F1 (e.g. blood type)

Question 7

What are polygenic traits

Answer 7

When a phenotype is controlled by many genes that have an additive effect. They appear continuous or quantative

Question 8

What forms a normal distribution

Answer 8

Polygenic traits in a population

Question 9

How does the environment affect the phenotype of an organism

Answer 9

nutrition can affect height/weight
Disease can affect life expectancy.
The environment smooths differences among phenotypes (distribution) (L19)