Endomembrane system and bulk transport - 5 Flashcards
What is the endomembrane system
A group of membranes and organelles that work together to modify, package and transport lipids and proteins.
What is the endoplasmic reticulum made of
Made up of connected and flattened smooth and rough ER. The cell can increase or decrease the amount present.
What is the function of the two components of ER
Smooth ER - Helps to; Metabolise carbohydrates Synthesise lipids Detox drugs and poisons Store calcium ions
Rough ER - Made up of ribosomes and helps to;
Synthesise proteins
secrete membrane proteins
Fold proteins
What is the Golgi structure and function
Made of flattened tubes. Sorts and modifies proteins (adding carbs or sugars etc.) Has a cis (input) and a tans (output) side. Tags vesicles and proteins.
What is the function of lysosomes
Membrane bound. Break down lipids and proteins to release their products. Can digest unwanted products within the cell (autophagy)
What is the order of the endomembrane system
SER and RER synthesise proteins and lipids then splits into vesicles and moves to the Golgi. Golgi tags vesicles and proteins so they transport to the correct places.
What is exocytosis
Exocytosis is release outside the cell. It regulates the release of hormones and neurotransmitters. Or constitutive release (constant)
What is endocytosis
Taking in molecules. Plasma membrane opens and creates a vacuole (microfold) and molecule buds off in vesicle. Reuses anything possible.
What is Pinocytosis
‘drinking’ of the cell (intake of solutes). Coats proteins and forms pits to get solutes and directs to part of the cell. Non-selective and is mediated by specialised receptors. Allows bulk quantities of specific substances into cell. Any other substances that get in are recycled.
What is Phagocytosis
‘Eating’. Uptake of ‘food’ particles that get digested by lysosomes (macrophages in humans)
What process are eno and exo cytosis a part of
Bulk transport
What can help a cell ‘intentions’ die.
Lysosomes
