Mendalian Punnet Squares 3.1 U3 Flashcards
What is genetics?
The study of heredity
What is fertilization?
The joining of male and female gametes to produce a new cell
What is true-breeding?
self-pollinating plants that produce offspring identical to themselves
What is a trait?
What did Gregor Mendel do?
Mendel used cross-pollination of true-breeding plants to produce new combinations and study the results.
Gregor Mendel was the father of genetics
He also used peas BECAUSE they were self-pollinating which can lead to true-breeding plants.
What are genes and alleles IN GENERAL?
An individual’s characteristics are determined by factors that are passed from one generation to the next.
What is a gene?
sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait; factor that is passed from parent to offspring
Example: There is a gene that determines the trait for hair color
What is an allele?
Different forms of a gene.
Example: The possible alleles for the gene for hair color include brown, black, blonde, red, etc.
What is a dominant trait?
An organism with one dominant allele will exhibit the dominant form of the trait.
What is a recessive trait?
An organism must have two copies of the recessive allele to exhibit the recessive form of the trait.
In Mendel’s experiments, what is the P Generation?
Parental generation; true-breeding
In Mendel’s experiments, what is the F^1 Generation?
First filial generation; offspring of the P cross
In Mendel’s experiments, what is the F^2 Generation?
Second filial generation; offspring of the F1 cross
In Mendel’s experiments, what happened in the F^1 Cross?
All offspring looked like one parent from the P generation.
In Mendel’s experiments, what happened in the F^2 Cross?
Most offspring look like the F1 generation but approximately ¼ look like the second parent from the P generation.
