Cellular Transport 2.3 U2 Flashcards
What is a missle cell?
Single layer of phospholipids
What is a concentration gradient?
Substances will naturally move from HIGH to LOW concentration.
Eventually, an equilibrium would be reached (no gradient remaining).
What is Passive Transport?
No energy required!
High to low (concentration)
Easy peasy :)
What is Active Transport?
Energy is required!
Low to high (concentration)
Not easy peasy :(
What are the types of Passive Transport?
Diffusion, Facilitated Diffusion, Osmosis
What is Diffusion?
Particles move from high to low until reaches equilibrium
What is Facilitated Diffusion?
When molecules can’t go directly across a membrane, so they pass through special protein channels
What is Osmosis?
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
Through the membrane directly and in larger quantities through aquaporins
Water will move across a membrane until the concentration of solute is the same on both sides!
Solute vs. Solvent
Sugar can’t move across the membrane by itself, it’s too large
What is Dynamic Equilibrium?
The substances will continue to move, but there is no net change in concentration on either side!
Movement doesn’t stop entirely!
What are the different types of solutions?
Hypotonic Solution, Hypertonic Solution, Isotonic Solution
What is a Hypotonic Solution?
Water diffuses INTO cell
Cell expands
What is a Hypertonic Solution?
Water diffuses OUT OF cell
Cell shrinks
What is a Isotonic Solution?
Water moves in and out equally
Cell stays the same
What is Lysed?
Bursts
What is Turgid?
Bloated
What is Flaccid?
Droopy
What is the optimal solution for an animal cell?
Isotonic Solution
What is the optimal solution for a plant cell?
Hypotonic Solution
What are the types of active transport?
Selective and Bulk Transport
What is Selective Transport?
Small molecules, ions
Proteins in membrane are used
What is Bulk Transport?
Large molecules, clumps of materials
Movements of the cell membrane itself
What are the types of bulk transport?
Endocytosis and Exocytosis
What is Endocytosis?
“endo” = within
Material is taken into cell by infolding of the cell membrane
Phagocytosis and Pinocytosis
What is Phagocytosis?
taking up particles and packing within food vacuole
“cell eating”
What is Pinocytosis?
= taking up liquid from surrounding environment
“cell drinking”
What is Exocytosis?
“exo” = out of
Material is released from the cell by vesicle fusing with membrane
Signaling molecules, waste, toxins, etc.
What is the Primary Active Transport?
Uses ATP as the energy source. A very common example is the sodium-potassium pump!
What is the Secondary Active Transport?
Uses the energy stored in electrochemical gradients
Ions have charges, and when there’s an imbalance in charges on either side of the membrane, there is a membrane potential
The combination of concentration and membrane potential = electrochemical gradient!
BOTH will affect which way things move across the membrane
So, a primary active transport protein can set up this electrochemical gradient, which the secondary active transport protein can then use!
What is Uniport?
Passive transport or primary active transport
1 direction of travel, 1 thing traveling
What is Symport?
1 direction of travel, 2 things traveling
What is Antiport?
2 directions of travel, 2 things traveling
What do Symport and Antiport have in common?
Cotransport
